Structural Detailing in Steel - bayanbox.ir

1 Structural Detailing in steelA comparative study of British, Europeanand American codes and practicesM. Y. H. BangashPublished by Thomas Telford Publishing, Thomas Telford Ltd, 1 Heron Quay,London E14 : for Thomas Telford books areUSA:ASCE Press, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191-4400,USAJ apan:Maruzen Co. Ltd, Book Department, 3 10 Nihonbashi 2-chome,Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103 Australia:DA Books and Journals, 648 Whitehorse Road, Mitcham 3132,VictoriaFirst published 2000A catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryISBN: 0 7277 2850 4 M. Y. H. Bangash, 2000 All rights, including translation, reserved. Except as permitted by theCopyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, no part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by anymeans, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the priorwritten permission of the Books Publisher, Thomas Telford Publishing,Thomas Telford Ltd, 1 Heron Quay, London E14 book is published on the understanding that the author is solelyresponsible for the statements made and opinions expressed in it and that itspublication does not necessarily imply that such statements and/or opinionsare or reflect the views or opinions of the publishers.

2 While every effort hasbeen made to ensure that the statements made and the opinions expressed inthis publication provide a safe and accurate guide, no liability or responsibilitycan be accepted in this respect by the authors or by APEK Digital Imaging, BristolPrinted and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books, Bodmin, CornwallContentsPrefaceivAcknowledgement svMetric conversionsviDefinitionsviiIntroduction to codesixList of comparative symbolsxiv1. Introduction12. Structural steel43. Draughting practice for detailers184. Bolts and bolted joints345. Welding516. Design Detailing of major Steel components677. Steel buildings case studies1158. Steel bridges case studies170 Appendix. Section properties213 Bibliography235 British Standards and other standards237 ASTM Standards239 PrefaceThis Steel Detailing manual has been prepared to provide practical and up todate information on various aspects of Steel construction for educators,designers, draughtsmen, detailers, fabricators and all others who have aninterest in Structural text covers the full scope of Structural Detailing in the UK, Europe andthe USA.

3 The text covers the fundamentals of drawing, continuing withdraughting practice and connections, the types of fastenings and theconventional methods of Detailing components. Individual case studies types of structure covered represent the bulk of the typical fabricator swork in commercial and industrial buildings, bridges, tanks, hydraulic andoffshore structures and power structures. Examples of Steel Detailing in CADformat are included in some of the of the drawings included are typical and, with minimal alteration, canbe adopted directly from the book and attached to individual drawings basedon a special book should serve both as a primer for trainee detailers and as areference manual for more experienced personnel.

4 Engineers, architects andcontractors will find the book useful for daily use and Y. H. BangashivSTRUCTURAL Detailing IN STEELA cknowledgementsThe author acknowledges his appreciation to friends, colleagues and somestudents who have assisted in the early development of this book. The authorhas received a great deal of assistance and encouragement from the researchorganisations, engineering companies, consultants and constructors in Steel -work and computer-aided design bureaus referred to in this book. The authoris particularly indebted to the following:British Standards Institute, UKAmerican Institute of Steel Construction, USAE uropean Union Group for EC3 Code, Brussels, BelgiumAmerican State Highways and Transportation OfficialsAmerican Society for Testing of MaterialsHighway Agency, UKWard and Cole, Consultants, UKStrucad, Derby, UKSwindell Dresseler Corp.

5 , Pittsburgh, USAM aster Series, Northern Ireland, UKAmerican Society of Civil Engineers, USAThe Steel Construction Institute, UKThe author is extremely grateful to Mike Chrimes, the Chief Librarian of theInstitution of Civil Engineers, London for providing facilities and support tocomplete this valuable research materials were provided by the Institution ofStructural Engineers, London and they are author is especially indebted to Dr F. Bangash for the preparation ofartwork included in this author is grateful to Mr Shyam Shrestha of ASZ Partners, Ilford, fortaking the trouble to type the conversionsOverall geometrySpans1 ft = 0 3048 mDisplacements1 in. = 25 4 mmSurface area1 ft2= 0 0929 m2 Volume1 ft3= 0 0283 m31 yd3= 0 765 m3 Structural propertiesCross-sectional dimensions1 in.

6 = 25 4 mmArea1 645 2 mm2 Section modulus1 16 39 103mm3 Moment of inertia1 0 4162 106mm4 Material propertiesDensity1 lb/ft3= 16 03 kg/m3 Modulus of elasticity and stress1 0 006895 MPa1 6 895 MPaLoadingsConcentrated loads1 lb = 4 448 N1 kip = 1000 lbf = 4 448 kNDensity1 lb/ft3= 0 1571 kN/m3 Linear loads1 kip/ft = 14 59 kN/mSurface loads1 lb/ft2= 0 0479 kN/m21 kip/ft2= 47 9 kN/m2viSTRUCTURAL Detailing IN STEELD efinitionsThe European code EC3 gives a list of terms common to all the StructuralEurocodes, as well as some which apply only to steelwork. The Eurocodes usea number of new or unfamiliar expressions, for example the word action isused to describe a load or imposed deformation. The following are thecommon definitions used in practically all codes dealing with Structural member predominantly subject to resistanceLimit of force or moment which a member canwithstand without of force or moment which may be applied without causingfailure due to yielding or vertical member of a structure carrying axial load and cross-sectionA cross-section which can develop the plasticmoment capacity of the section but in which local buckling prevents rotationat constant loadAll loads of constant magnitude and position that act perma-nently.

7 Including strengthThe yield strength of the material multiplied by theappropriate partial lengthLength between points of effective restraint of a membermultiplied by a factor to take account of the end conditions and designDesign which assumes no redistribution of moments due toplastic rotation of a section throughout the methodSimplified method of design justified by experience loadSpecified load multiplied by the relevant partial section with one central web and two equal flanges which hasan overall depth not greater than 1 2 times the width of the with central web and two equal flanges which has anoverall depth greater than 1 2 times the width of the loadLoad on a structure or member other than wind load,produced by the external environment and intended occupancy or restraintFor a beam: restraint which prevents lateral movement ofthe compression flange.

8 For a column: restraint which prevents lateralmovement of the member in a particular cross-sectionA cross-section which can develop a plastic hinge withsufficient rotation capacity to allow redistribution of bending moments withinthe designDesign method assuming redistribution of moments incontinuous cross-sectionA cross-section in which the stress in theextreme fibres should be limited to yield because local buckling would preventdevelopment of the plastic moment capacity in the limit statesThose limit states which when exceeded can leadto the structure being unfit for its intended cross-sectionA cross-section in which yield of the extreme fibrescannot be attained because of premature local effective length divided by the radius of to

9 Failure by yielding or member of a structure carrying predominantly compressive limit stateThat state which if exceeded can cause collapse of partor the whole of the Detailing IN STEELI ntroduction to codesThe Structural design of steelwork is based on BS 5950 in the UK andcountries following this code. The title of this code is given below:BS 5950 Structural use of steelwork in section has been compiled to help designers in the UK and USA toappreciate the principal differences and similarities of applying Eurocode 3:Part (EC3) (originally European standard ENV 1993-1-1). This code willeventually become mandatory in Europe and the UK. It will, in future,supersede BS 5950 which has the following nine parts:Part 1 Code of practice for design in simple and continuous construction: hot-rolled sectionsPart 2 Specification for materials, fabrication and erection: hot-rolledsectionsPart 3 Code of practice for design in composite constructionPart 4 Code of practice for design of floors with profiled Steel sheetingPart 5 Code of practice for design in cold-formed sectionsPart 6 Code of practice for design in light gauge sheeting, decking andcladdingPart 7 Specification for materials and workmanship.

10 Cold-formed sectionsPart 8 Code of practice for design of the protection for Structural steelworkPart 9 Code of practice for stressed skin designThe full range of Structural Eurocodes follows:Eurocode 1 Basis of design and actions on structuresEurocode 2 Design of concrete structuresEurocode 3 Design of Steel structuresEurocode 4 Design of composite Steel and concrete structuresEurocode 5 Design of timber structuresEurocode 6 Design of masonry structuresEurocode 7 Geotechnical design of structuresEurocode 8 Earthquake resistance of structuresEurocode 9 Design of aluminium structuresThe codes will be issued by national standards organisations, such as BSI. Thefirst part of EC3 to be prepared was Part General rules for building. Otherparts which are being prepared or are planned are given below:Part Fire resistancePart Cold-formed thin gauge members and sheetingPart 2 Bridges and plated structuresPart 3 Towers, masts and chimneysPart 4 Tanks, silos and pipelinesPart 5 PilingPart 6 Crane structuresPart 7 Marine and maritime structuresPart 8 Agricultural structuresixPREAMBLEBS 5950 and EC3 together with the US codes on Steel are classified by subjecttitle.