Techno-Economical Feasibility Study of Waste - to-Energy ...

1 International Journal on Power Engineering and Energy (IJPEE) Vol. (7) No. (1). ISSN Print (2314 7318) and Online (2314 730X) January 2016. Techno-Economical Feasibility Study of Waste - to-Energy Using Pyrolysis Technology for Jeddah Municipal Solid Waste Said Ali Hassan ElQuliti Department of Industrial Engineering, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Abstract- Solid Waste management becomes a major With a majority of the population living in urban areas, challenge for authorized persons especially in main it has become pertinent for the government to quickly put cities in the country with a majority of the population.

2 In place scientific Waste management and recycling Traditional methods used for solid Waste management programs to address these challenges. are neither efficient nor friendly to the environment. Recently new rules and regulations for Municipal Solid Moreover, the existing systems (landfills and Waste (MSW) management have been approved in all incinerators) still wasting the valuable resources of cities and villages of KSA to ensure an integrated recyclable material. framework for the management of municipal solid Waste , Based on several scientific researches, municipal solid which includes Waste separation, collection, transportation, Waste contains organic material which is useful for storage, sorting, recycling and processing.

3 Providing energy (fuel) and generating electricity and Saudi Arabia is trying to adopt state-of-the-art measures in integrated Waste management right from fertilizers. Pyrolysis is the irreversible thermo-chemical cleaning to transfer stations in many places in the decomposition of organic material, this decomposition kingdom. The authorities are considering the option of occurs at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen tendering sorting lines in all places of Jeddah City. The or any halogen. Waste collected will be sent to the sorting stations and then This research tries to evaluate the technical and the residual material will go onward to the sanitary economical feasibly of pyrolysis technology based on landfill, where they are also looking at the option of real application of the project in Jeddah city, Kingdom capturing methane gas in future, thereby reducing adverse of Saudi Arabia.

4 The importance of the research is environmental impact. highlighted by the fact that there is a serious lack of The main challenge in KSA, as in many other researches studying Feasibility of using non- countries, is that of scavengers who collect Waste material conventional Waste - to-Energy technologies related to such as cardboard boxes, cans, etc. from the source. It is different areas and countries all over the world. not easy to stop these activities, but the problem can be It is important to convince concerned authorities such decreased by using underground containers and certain as investors, municipalities and environmental agencies scientific techniques in the collection process.

5 To stop using the traditional methods for Waste Jeddah's domestic solid Waste is generated daily with high management and apply the up-to-date technologies of rates, transported to landfills and incinerators that results Waste - to-Energy that are friendly to the environment, in environmental serous damages such as gaseous technologically efficient, cost effective and safe. emissions and leach to groundwater. Based on several scientific researches, it is found that Keywords- Pyrolysis Technology; Waste - to-Energy ; the municipal solid Waste contains organic material.

6 This Municipal Solid Waste ; Feasibility Study ; material is useful for providing energy (fuel) and Jeddah. fertilizers, then generating electricity power. Pyrolysis is the irreversible thermo-chemical decomposition of organic I. INTRODUCTION material. This decomposition occurs at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen or any halogen. It is a type of Alongside the fast increase in population in the thermolysis or thermal decomposition. It occurs at Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), there has been a rapid different decomposition temperatures for different increase in the amount of Waste being generated in the materials.

7 Decomposition temperatures are temperatures at Kingdom. Solid Waste management has become a major which material decompose chemically. challenge for the country and reports indicate that the Challenges Waste generated in the cities of Riyadh, Jeddah and Dammam alone exceed 6 million tons per annum. During the last years, awareness of importance of ecology has increased which led to issuing anti-pollution Reference Number: W15-P-0057 622. International Journal on Power Engineering and Energy (IJPEE) Vol. (7) No. (1). ISSN Print (2314 7318) and Online (2314 730X) January 2016.

8 Laws, in a trail to solve the pollution problem. digestion in Waste treatment and disposal. Four strategies Unfortunately traditional measures implemented are for material recovery have been analyzed in (Connsonni et neither efficient nor friendly to the environment; on the al., 2005) [2]. Eight different methods of Waste to Energy contrary, the existing systems (landfills and incinerators) conversion are analyzed with Energy System Analysis still wasting the valuable resources, besides damaging the approach in (Munster and Lund, 2010) [3].

9 Recycling the environment. Food Waste and incinerating the plastic poly ethylene bags The main environmental challenges faced by the whole and films, has been presented as a method of material and Kingdom including main cities like Jeddah are associated energy recovery from municipal solid Waste in (Chen and with current practices, a heavy reliance on landfill disposal Chen, 2013) [4]. Chen et al. (2013) [5] studied the and the lack of best practice technologies at present. Rapid desorption of methylene blue onto char from pyrolysis of population growth will result in increased urban and municipal solid Waste .

10 A comparative analysis of Pyrolysis industrial development which in turn will lead to an of real wastes like MSW and MPW at different increase in the volume and types of wastes produced that temperatures using different catalysts is carried out in would require treatment and will thus introduce further (Miscolczi et al., 2013) [6]. In a research by (Abu Bakar challenges. and Titiloye, 2013) [7] the rice husk, a part of MSW, has Processing, recovery and recycling within the Kingdom been separated from other wastes and bio-oil has been is limited and is currently completed by the informal sector produced through catalytic pyrolysis.