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The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Illness

Connexionsmo dule:m135891 TheBiopsychosocialModelofHealthandIllnes s ducedbyTheConnexionsPro jectandlicensedundertheCreativeCommonsAt tributionLicense AbstractAimstode nethebiopsychoso cialmo del,explicateitsimplicationsinhealthcare ,characterizethenatureofpastandpresentp erceptionsofhealthandwhatfactorsin uencedchange,delineatethep ositionofhealthpsychologyindi erentenvironments,andrevealthemetho dsusedtostudybiopsychoso neone'shealthasgo o d,whereasbiologicallydrivenpathogensandc onditionswouldrenderanin-dividualwithp o orhealthandthelab el"diseased".

of wellness is particularly stressed, where the state of being in good health based on the biopsychosocial model is accompanied by good quality of life and strong relationships. In 1977, American Psychiatrist George Engel 1 introduced the major theory in medicine, the BPS Model.

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1 Connexionsmo dule:m135891 TheBiopsychosocialModelofHealthandIllnes s ducedbyTheConnexionsPro jectandlicensedundertheCreativeCommonsAt tributionLicense AbstractAimstode nethebiopsychoso cialmo del,explicateitsimplicationsinhealthcare ,characterizethenatureofpastandpresentp erceptionsofhealthandwhatfactorsin uencedchange,delineatethep ositionofhealthpsychologyindi erentenvironments,andrevealthemetho dsusedtostudybiopsychoso neone'shealthasgo o d,whereasbiologicallydrivenpathogensandc onditionswouldrenderanin-dividualwithp o orhealthandthelab el"diseased".

2 However,suchanarrowscop eonhealthlimitedourunderstandingofwellb eing,thwartedourtreatmentse orts,andp erhapsmoreimp ortantly, cialMo delofHealthandIllnessVennDiagramFigure1 :Aug3,20065:20pmGMT-5 dule:m135892 Manyinstitutionsandmedicaldo ctorshavemanagedtoincorp orateaholisticviewofhealthinsoundmedical application,primarilybasedontheBiopsycho so cial(BPS)Mo ,wherethestateofb eingingo o dhealthbasedonthebiopsychoso cialmo delisaccompaniedbygo o ,AmericanPsychiatristGeorgeEngel1intro ducedthema jortheoryinmedicine,theBPSMo delaccountedforbiological,psychological, andso ciologicalinterconnectedsp ectrums,eachassystemsoftheb o ,themo delaccompaniedadramaticshiftinfo cusfromdiseasetohealth,recognizingthatps ychoso cialfactors( eliefs,relationships,stress)greatlyimpac trecoverytheprogressionofandrecup quentlystates.

3 "Toprovideabasisforunderstandingthedeter minantsofdiseaseandarrivingatarationaltr eatmentsandpatternsofhealthcare,amedical mo delmustalsotakeintoaccountthepatient,the so cialcontextinwhichhelivesandthecomplemen tarysystemdevisedbyso cietytodealwiththedisruptivee ectsofillness,thatis, cialmo del."To day, ,diagnosis,andtreatmentusedbyphysiciansw hofollowthebiomedicalandbiopsychoso cialmo del:1 BiomedicalMo :Thefo ,painhistory,andfamilialincidence,howeve r,empiricalsignsandsymptomsofmyo :Theclinicianwillorderob jectivelabtestsandmonitorvitalsigns( erature,pulse,andblo o dpressure)thatwouldformthesolebasisofany :Thedo ctorwillprescrib cialMo :Theaimtoascertainpsychoso cialandphysicalpro cessesthatmaycausethechiefcomplain, :Basedonacombinationofpsychologicalfacto rsandstandardlabtests.

4 Thephysiciandiscussestheavailableinterve ntionswithsp ecialattentiontob ehaviorsandlifestylesthatcouldin ,andmaintainsasupp

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