THE FUTURE IS NOW - United Nations

1 THE FUTURE IS NOW SCIENCE FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTGLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2 19 THE FUTURE IS NOW SCIENCE FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTGLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2 19 NoteIn the outcome document of the Rio+20 Conference, in 2012, entitled The FUTURE we want , and again in Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development , in 2015, United Nations Member States decided that the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development would be informed by the Global Sustainable Development Report. In the Ministerial Declaration of the 2016 Forum, Member States decided that the report would be produced quadrennially by an independent group of scientists appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General and comprising 15 experts representing a variety of backgrounds, scientific disciplines and institutions, with geographical and gender balance.

2 This report, The FUTURE is Now: Science for Achieving Sustainable Development, is the first quadrennial Global Sustainable Development Report prepared by an independent group of Group of Scientists 2019 Co-chairs Peter Messerli (Switzerland), Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Switzerland Endah Murniningtyas (Indonesia), National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), Republic of Indonesia Members Parfait Eloundou-Enyegue (Cameroon), Department of Development Sociology, Cornell University, USA Ernest G. Foli (Ghana), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Forestry Research Institute, Ghana Eeva Furman (Finland), Finnish environment institute (SYKE), Finland Amanda Glassman (USA), Center for Global Development, USA Gonzalo Hern ndez Licona (Mexico), National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (CONEVAL), Mexico Eun Mee Kim (Republic of Korea), Graduate School of International Studies, Ewha Womans University, Republic of Korea.

3 Wolfgang Lutz (Austria), Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital, International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria Jean-Paul Moatti (France), Research Institute for Development (IRD), France Katherine Richardson (Denmark), Sustainability Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Muhammad Saidam (Jordan), Royal Scientific Society, Jordan David Smith (Jamaica), Institute for Sustainable Development, University of the West Indies (UWI) Jurgis Kazimieras Stani kis (Lithuania), Institute of Environmental Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania Jean-Pascal van Ypersele (Belgium), Earth and Life Institute, Universit catholique de Louvain, BelgiumRecommended citation: Independent Group of Scientists appointed by the Secretary-General, Global Sustainable Development Report 2019: The FUTURE is Now Science for Achieving Sustainable Development, ( United Nations , New York, 2019).

4 Cover design and graphics by Camilo J. SalomonCopyright 2019 United NationsAll rights reservedUnited Nations publication issued by the Department of Economic and Social AffairsReprinted 2019iiiiiiGlobal Sustainable Development Report 2019 ivContentsvvContentsFOREWORD ..xiPREFACE .. xiiiPROLOGUE .. xvEXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..xixCHAPTER I THE TRANSFORMATIVE POWER OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT .. sustainable development in the 2030 Agenda .. 31. 2 Progress to date .. 81. 3 Knowledge-based transformations for sustainable development .. 21 CHAPTER II TRANSFORMATIONS ..272 .1 Lever 1 Governance .. 2 Economy and finance.

5 3 Individual and collective action .. 4 Science and technology .. point 1 Human well-being and capabilities .. point 2 Sustainable and just economies .. point 3 Food systems and nutrition patterns.. point 4 Energy decarbonization and universal access .. point 5 Urban and peri-urban development.. 832 .10 Entry point 6 Global environmental commons ..942 .11 Shared responsibility for transformation .. 106 CHAPTER III SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.. 2030 Agenda as a shared compass to harness advances in science and technology .. science .. for transformation.

6 12 3 CHAPTER IV CALL TO ACTION .. 1274 .1 Strengthening human well-being and capabilities .. towards sustainable and just economies .. sustainable food systems and healthy nutrition patterns .. energy decarbonization with universal access to energy .. sustainable urban and peri-urban development .. the global environmental commons .. and technology for sustainable development .. incremental change but transformation ..135 Global Sustainable Development Report 2019 viAFTERWORD ..139 NOTES ..143 REFERENCES ..159 ANNEXESANNEX I MINISTERIAL DECLARATION ..195 ANNEX II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..203 ANNEX III REVIEW PROCESS.

7 211 ANNEX IV INDEPENDENT GROUP OF SCIENTISTS 2019 ..215 BOXES1-1 The Global Sustainable Development Report ..31-2 Interactions among Sustainable Development Goals ..6 Figure source: Author s calculation. For further details, see the repository of Sustainable Develop-ment Goals interactions on the Global Sustainable Development Report Global Monitoring Framework ..9 Figure source: United Nations , 20191- 4 Other assessments of progress ..121-5 Tipping points ..131- 6 Small island developing States ..141-7 Least developed countries ..151-8 The Global Sustainable Development Framework for knowledge-based transformations towards sustainable development.

8 242-1 Political equality .. 31 Figure source: Leininger, J., et al., 20192-2 The continuing significance of international financial cooperation .. 332-3 Cognitive capacity for sustainable development choices .. 352-4 Adaptive collaborative management .. 362-5 Widespread deprivations in safely managed drinking water and sanitation services .. 402-6 Climate change disproportionately affects the most vulnerable ..412-7 Ensuring refugees and migrants are counted and visible ..422-8 Tackling inequality is good for poverty reduction ..44 Figure source: Lakner, et al., 20192-9 Private-sector innovations towards better health.

9 452-10 Shifting behaviour for better health in Indonesia .. 462 -11 Mitigating health emergencies using emerging technology .. 472-12 Measuring multidimensional poverty at the national level .. 482-13 Early childhood interventions build capabilities ..492-14 Partnerships for access to health care in Ghana .. 502-15 Alternatives to GDP as a measure of progress .. 522-16 Damage caused by fossil fuel subsidies .. 562-17 Carbon pricing .. 572-18 Just transition for coal workers and communities ..59 Contentsvii2-19 Addressing the needs of the poor in a circular economy ..622-20 Stranded assets.. 632-21 Global surveillance system for crop diseases.

10 662-22 ColdHubs solar-powered storage in Nigeria .. 712-23 Belo Horizonte urban food policy .. 722-24 NutriFish in Bangladesh .. 742-25 The water-food-energy-environment nexus in the Middle East and North Africa ..752-26 Expanding solar lighting and sustainable electricity access in urban and rural Togo ..812-27 Holistic approach to promoting energy efficiency in Greece .. 812-28 Nuclear energy .. 822-29 Intersection of gender, health and energy in Indonesia: clean cooking initiatives and fiscal sustainability .. 832-30 FUTURE city growth .. 882-31 Urban development opportunities in landlocked developing countries.