The Impact of a Training Program for Tactical Performance ...

1 279. The Impact of a Training Program for Tactical Performance on the Results of Matches for Table Tennis Juniors *. Dr. Shawkat Gaber Radwan Abstract The research aims to design a Training Program for the Tactical preparation to develop the Tactical Performance for table tennis juniors in the age groups of 12 - 15 years and know the effect of this Program on the results of the matches. The researcher used the experimental method by using two groups, one is the experimental group and the other is the control group each of them consists 8 players from table tennis juniors in Ismailia city. The important findings, which were the researcher reached to, that the differences in the results of matches between the members of the control group and experimental group in the post-test was significant in favor of the experimental group. Which indicates that the proposed Program has a positive Impact on the development of the Tactical preparation for table tennis juniors in the age group of 12 - 15 years.

2 Key words: table tennis Tactical preparation Tactical Performance . Tactical thinking - matches results. Introduction: shortage in the level of their The process of learning and Performance for some strokes. mastering the match strategy is (11 : 144). one of the most difficult table tennis skills for the juniors, as Indicates (Peter Simpson this skill requires the player 1981) that the main objective ability to focus to discover his of Tactical preparation in table opponent strengths and tennis is owning the player weaknesses. In addition to this both of attack and defense skill requires a great deal of plans with a high level, and to experience to realize what have a flexibility that allows strategies work against various him to move from attack styles. These things may be position to defense position difficult for the junior stage, and vice versa, therefore especially if there was a adaptation with changing Theories and Applications Athletics and Racket Games Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Port Said University, Assiut Journal For Sport Science Arts 280.

3 Situations during the matches. decisiveness in taking the right (9 : 46) decisions and etc., (2 : 65, 66). Defines (Martin Skloroz This, both of (Radivoj 1980) the Tactical Performance Hudetz 2004) and in table tennis that it is an (Wohlgefahrt Karlheinz ability enabling the player to 2004 are agreed that the exploit his physical, technical primary means of Tactical and mental potential in a Performance table tennis manner enabling him to represents in four points: perform the matches efficiently 1. The speed of ball. and effectively, as each of 2. The spin of ball. (Donald Parker & David 3. Direction of the ball. Hewitt 1993) define it that it is 4. Arc of the ball flight. an ability enabling the player (10 : 15 - 28), (13: 161). to use his own potential in the And see all of (Cheng game with a maximum Wu & Prince Su 2010) that the efficiency. (8:73), (5:70). essential points upon which the The Tactical Performance Training on the Tactical in table tennis is founded on Performance are: some abilities such as: 1.)

4 Development the ability Knowledge abilities: of the player to win the represented in analyzing the matches through Tactical points of strengths and thinking. weaknesses of opponent, and 2. Development the Tactical work to exploit the weaknesses Performance for the player and avoid the strengths. through Training on: Technical abilities: Tactical Performance , represented in analyzing the which depends on both of the strokes which performed by the landing point and trajectory of opponent with regard to the the ball. type of ball rotation and its Tactical Performance , direction and speed and its arc which depends on the rhythm of flight. of play during the match. - Mental abilities: represented in the ability of player to Tactical Performance , persevere, stamina, focus which depends on the different attention, reaction speed and situations during the match. Assiut Journal For Sport Science Arts 281.

5 Tactical Performance , for table tennis juniors 12 - 15. which depends on the years. opponent's style of play and 2. Identify the Impact of his selection of quality of the this Program on the results of strokes which he use. matches for table tennis juniors. Tactical Performance , which depends on the Procedures: weaknesses of the opponent. Method: 3. Development control in The researcher used the both timing of the play and experimental method by using emotional conditioning during the pre- and post measurements the changing situations during and using two groups, one is an the matches. (12 : 192) experimental group and the Through the experience other is a control group each of of researcher in the field of them consists 8 players. table tennis found that the most Participants: of table tennis trainers in Egypt The sample was selected by satisfied with performing intentional way, reaching 16. matches between the players in players from table tennis the custom part or the Tactical juniors in the age group of 12.

6 Preparation in the Training unit, 15 years in Ismailia region. and they do not give the drills The sample has been divided of Tactical Performance for the equally into two groups one of players. Which prompted the them is an experimental group researcher to carry out this and the other is a control study, which aims to design a group. Training Program for Tactical The harmonies and Performance to develop the equivalence between the Tactical Performance for table members of study sample: tennis juniors in the age group The harmonies and of 12 to 15 years old, and equivalence between the recognize the Impact of this members of the study sample Program on the results of were conducted at the matches for this age group. following variables: 1. Age. Objectives: 2. Training age. 1. Designing a Training 3. Height. Program of Tactical Performance 4. Weight. Assiut Journal For Sport Science Arts 282. 5. Some of physical sample in variables of age, variables (maximum strength, Training age, height and weight.)

7 Muscular endurance, power, Table (2) shows the harmonies speed, agility). of the study sample in some of 6. Some of skill physical and skill variables. variables (services, basic While table (3) shows the strokes, lop strokes). equivalent between the two Table (1) shows the groups of study in some of characterization of the study physical and skill variables. Table (1). The characterization of the study sample Statistical Measurements Standard analyses unit Mean Median deviation Skewness Variables Age. Year - Training age. Year - Height. Cm - Weight. Kg - It is clear from table (1) limited between 3 and that all of the skewness indicates that vacancy the study coefficients for the study sample from disadvantages of sample in each of the age, unmoderated distributions, Training age, height and weight which confirms the ranged between (- , - ) homogeneity of the study and that these values are been sample in those variables.

8 Table (2). The harmonies between the members of the study sample in some physical and skill variables Statistical analyses Measurements Standard Variables unit Mean Median deviation Skewness 1. Maximum Kg strength: Grip Strength Test 2. Muscular Degree endurance: Push-up (60sec). Follow Table (2). The harmonies between the members of the study sample in some physical and skill variables Statistical analyses Measurements Standard Assiut Journal For Sport Science Arts 283. Variables unit Mean Median deviation Skewness 3. Power: Miter Medicine ball throws 4. Speed: Second 30m Sprint Speed Test 5. Agility: Second Zig-Zag Test 6. Service stroke: Degree Target Service Test 7. Basic strokes: Degree The general skill ability test in table tennis 8. Lop strokes Degree the general skill ability of lop stroke in table tennis It is clear from table (2) 3 and indicates that vacancy that all of the skewness the study sample from coefficients for the study disadvantages of unmoderated sample in some physical and distributions, which confirms skill variables ranged between the harmonies of the study (- , - ) and that these sample in those variables.

9 Values are been limited between Table (3). The equivalence between the two groups of study in some physical and skill variables Statistical analyses Measurements Control Experimental Variables unit Group Group t MS SD MS SD. 1. Maximum Kg - .075. strength: Grip Strength Test 2. Muscular Degree - endurance: Push-up (60sec). Follow Table (3). The equivalence between the two groups of study in some physical and skill variables Assiut Journal For Sport Science Arts 284. Statistical analyses Measurements Control Experimental Variables unit Group Group t MS SD MS SD. 3. Power: Miter - .553. Medicine ball throws 4. Speed: Second 30m Sprint Speed Test 5. Agility: Second Zig-Zag Test 6. Service Degree - .732. stroke: Target Service Test 7. Basic Degree - .403. strokes: The general skill ability test in table tennis 8. Lop strokes Degree - .217. the general skill ability of lop stroke in table tennis Table (3) shows the The pilot study was equivalence between the two performed between 23 / 1 to groups of study in some of the 27 / 1 / 2015 to implement a physical and skill variables, weekly Training unit consists of that the value of (t) calculated 4 Training units contain a by applying the T test is less number of Tactical drills on than the value of tabulated (t) members of the community at the level ( ), which study and outside of the basic indicates there is no significant sample of the study.

10 That is to differences between the two make sure of the extent of groups of study in the physical assimilation the members of and skill variables under study, that age group for the Tactical which means equality of Performance drills under the members of the two groups of study. study in these variables before The Results of Pilot Study: applying the basic experiment. It was ascertained suitability The Pilot Study: the Tactical Performance drills Assiut Journal For Sport Science Arts 285. under study and understanding third and fourth positions to the the members of the age group lowest round , until between 12 to 15 years for arrangement the study sample those drills. It was also in descending order from the standing on the right timing first position to the sixteenth. and appropriate period of time Then the player with the first to conduct the Tactical position gets 160 points and Performance drills for the the player with the sixteenth proposed Training Program position gets 5 points only, within the Training unit.