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THE INTEL MICROPROCESSORS

THE INTEL MICROPROCESSORS8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro Processor, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, and Core2 with 64-Bit ExtensionsArchitecture, programming , and InterfacingEighth EditionBARRY B. BREYU pper Saddle River, New JerseyColumbus, OhioLibrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataBrey, Barry INTEL MICROPROCESSORS 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, PentiumPro processor, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, and Core2 with 64-bit extensions: architecture, programming , and interfacing / Barry B. Brey 8th 0-13-502645-81. INTEL 80xxx series MICROPROCESSORS . 2. Pentium ( microprocessor ) 3. Computer dc222008009338 Editor in Chief:Vernon AnthonyAcquisitions Editor:Wyatt MorrisEditorial Assistant:Christopher ReedProduction Coordination:GGS Book ServicesProject Manager:Jessica SykesOperations Specialist:Laura WeaverDesign Coordinator:Mike FruhbeisCover Designer:Ilze LemesisCover image: iStockphotoDirector of Marketing:David GesellMarketing Manager:Jimmy StephensMarketing Assistant:Les RobertsThis book was set in Times by GGS Book Services.

8086/8088. Please note that the 8086/8088 are still used in embedded systems along with their updated counterparts, the 80186/80188 and 80386EX embedded microprocessor. This text also explains the programming and operation of the numeric coprocessor, MMX extension, and the SIMD extension, which function in a system to provide access to floating-

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Transcription of THE INTEL MICROPROCESSORS

1 THE INTEL MICROPROCESSORS8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro Processor, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, and Core2 with 64-Bit ExtensionsArchitecture, programming , and InterfacingEighth EditionBARRY B. BREYU pper Saddle River, New JerseyColumbus, OhioLibrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataBrey, Barry INTEL MICROPROCESSORS 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, PentiumPro processor, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, and Core2 with 64-bit extensions: architecture, programming , and interfacing / Barry B. Brey 8th 0-13-502645-81. INTEL 80xxx series MICROPROCESSORS . 2. Pentium ( microprocessor ) 3. Computer dc222008009338 Editor in Chief:Vernon AnthonyAcquisitions Editor:Wyatt MorrisEditorial Assistant:Christopher ReedProduction Coordination:GGS Book ServicesProject Manager:Jessica SykesOperations Specialist:Laura WeaverDesign Coordinator:Mike FruhbeisCover Designer:Ilze LemesisCover image: iStockphotoDirector of Marketing:David GesellMarketing Manager:Jimmy StephensMarketing Assistant:Les RobertsThis book was set in Times by GGS Book Services.

2 It was printed and bound by HamiltonPrinting. The cover was printed by Phoenix Color 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997, 1994, 1991, 1987 by Pearson Education,Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and per-mission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storagein a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to:Rights and Permissions Prentice Hall is a trademark of Pearson Education, is a registered trademark of Pearson plcPrentice Hall is a registered trademark of Pearson Education, Education Ltd., LondonPearson Education Australia Pty. LimitedPearson Education Singapore Pte. Education North Asia Ltd., Hong KongPearson Education Canada, Educaci n de Mexico, de Education JapanPearson Education Malaysia Pte.

3 13: 978 0 13 502645 8 ISBN 10: 0 13 502645 8 This text is dedicated to my progenies, Brenda (the programmer) and Gary (theveterinarian technician), and to my constant four-legged companions: Romy,Sassy, Sir Elton, Eye Envy, and Baby page intentionally left blank This practical reference text is written for students who require a thorough knowledge of pro-gramming and interfacing of the INTEL family of MICROPROCESSORS . Today, anyone functioning orstriving to function in a field of study that uses computers must understand assembly languageprogramming, a version of C language, and interfacing. INTEL MICROPROCESSORS have gained wide,and at times exclusive, application in many areas of electronics, communications, and controlsystems, particularly in desktop computer systems. A major addition to this eighth editionexplains how to interface C/C++ using Visual C++ Express, which is a free download fromMicrosoft, with assembly language for both the older DOS and the Windows applications include Visual C++ as a basis for learning assembly language using the inlineassembler.

4 Updated sections that detail new events in the fields of MICROPROCESSORS and micro-processor interfacing have been AND COVERAGETo cultivate a comprehensive approach to learning, each chapter begins with a set of objectivesthat briefly define its content. Chapters contain many programming applications and examplesthat illustrate the main topics. Each chapter ends with a numerical summary, which doubles as astudy guide, and reviews the information just presented. Questions and problems are providedfor reinforcement and practice, including research paper text contains many example programs using the Microsoft Macro Assembler programand the inline assembler in the Visual C++ environment, which provide a learning opportunity toprogram the INTEL family of MICROPROCESSORS . Operation of the programming environmentincludes the linker, library, macros, DOS function, BIOS functions, and Visual C/C++ programdevelopment.

5 The inline assembler (C/C++) is illustrated for both the 16- and 32-bit program-ming environments of various versions of Visual C++. The text is written to use Visual C++Express 2005 or 2008 as a development environment, but any version of Visual Studio can alsobe used with almost no text also provides a thorough description of family members, memory systems, andvarious I/O systems that include disk memory, ADC and DAC, 16550 UART, PIAs, timers, key-board/display controllers, arithmetic coprocessors, and video display systems. Also discussed arePREFACE vthe personal computer system buses (AGP, ISA, PCI, PCI Express, USB, serial ports, and parallelport). Through these systems, a practical approach to microprocessor interfacing can be the INTEL family of MICROPROCESSORS is quite diverse, this text initially concentrates onreal mode programming , which is compatible with all versions of the INTEL family of micro-processors.

6 Instructions for each family member, which include the 80386, 80486, Pentium,Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III, and Pentium 4 processors, are compared and contrastedwith those for the 8086/8088 MICROPROCESSORS . This entire series of MICROPROCESSORS is very sim-ilar, which allows more advanced versions and their instructions to be learned with the basic8086/8088. Please note that the 8086/8088 are still used in embedded systems along with theirupdated counterparts, the 80186/80188 and 80386EX embedded text also explains the programming and operation of the numeric coprocessor, MMXextension, and the SIMD extension, which function in a system to provide access to floating-point calculations that are important in control systems, video graphics, and computer-aideddesign (CAD) applications. The numeric coprocessor allows a program to access complexarithmetic operations that are otherwise difficult to achieve with normal microprocessor pro-gramming.

7 The MMX and SIMD instructions allow both integer and floating-point data to bemanipulated in parallel at very high text also describes the pin-outs and function of the 8086 80486 and all versions of thePentium microprocessor . First, interfacing is explained using the 8086/8088 with some of themore common peripheral components. After explaining the basics, a more advanced emphasis isplaced on the 80186/80188, 80386, 80486, and Pentium through Pentium 4 of the 80286, because of its similarity to the 8086 and 80386, is minimized so the80386, 80486, and Pentium versions can be covered in complete this approach, the operation of the microprocessor and programming with theadvanced family members, along with interfacing all family members, provides a working andpractical background of the INTEL family of MICROPROCESSORS . Upon completing a course usingthis text, you will be able to:1. Develop software to control an application interface microprocessor .

8 Generally, the softwaredeveloped will also function on all versions of the microprocessor . This software alsoincludes DOS-based and Windows-based applications. The main emphasis is on developinginline assembly and C++ mixed language programs in the Windows Program using MFC controls, handlers, and functions to use the keyboard, video displaysystem, and disk memory in assembly language and C++.3. Develop software that uses macro sequences, procedures, conditional assembly, and flowcontrol assembler directives that are linked to a Visual C++ Develop software for code conversions using lookup tables and Program the numeric coprocessor to solve complex Develop software for the MMX and SIMD Explain the differences between the family members and highlight the features of each Describe and use real and protected mode operation of the Interface memory and I/O systems to the Provide a detailed and comprehensive comparison of all family members and their softwareand hardware Explain the function of the real-time operating system in an embedded Explain the operation of disk and video Interface small systems to the ISA, PCI, serial ports, parallel port.

9 And USB bus in a personalcomputer OVERVIEWC hapter 1 introduces the INTEL family of MICROPROCESSORS with an emphasis on the microprocessor -based computer system: its history, operation, and the methods used to store data in amicroprocessor-based system. Number systems and conversions are also included. Chapter 2explores the programming model of the microprocessor and system architecture. Both real andprotected mode operations are an understanding of the basic machine is grasped, Chapters 3 through 6 explain howeach instruction functions with the INTEL family of MICROPROCESSORS . As instructions areexplained, simple applications are presented to illustrate the operation of the instructions anddevelop basic programming 7 introduces the use of Visual C/C++ Express with the inline assembler and sepa-rate assembly language programming modules. It also explains how to configure Visual C++Express for use with assembly language the basis for programming is developed, Chapter 8 provides applications using theVisual C++ Express with the inline assembler program.

10 These applications include programmingusing the keyboard and mouse through message handlers in the Windows environment. Diskfiles are explained using the File class, as well as keyboard and video operations on a personalcomputer system through Windows. This chapter provides the tools required to develop virtuallyany program on a personal computer system through the Windows 9 introduces the 8086/8088 family as a basis for learning basic memory and I/Ointerfacing, which follow in later chapters. This chapter shows the buffered system as well as thesystem 10 explains memory interface using both integrated decoders and programmablelogic devices using VHDL. The 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-bit memory systems are provided so the8086 80486 and the Pentium through Pentium 4 MICROPROCESSORS can be interfaced to 11 provides a detailed look at basic I/O interfacing, including PIAs, timers, the16550 UART, and ADC/DAC. It also describes the interface of both DC and stepper these basic I/O components and their interface to the microprocessor are understood,Chapters 12 and 13 provide detail on advanced I/O techniques that include interrupts and directmemory access (DMA).


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