THE NATIONAL SHIPBUILDING RESEARCH …

1 OCTOBER 1987 NSRP #0276 THE NATIONALSHIPBUILDINGRESEARCHPROGRAMBASIC PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONM aritime Administration& NAVYin cooperation withNational Steel and SHIPBUILDING CompanyReport Documentation PageForm ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering andmaintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information,including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, ArlingtonVA 22202-4302.

2 Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if itdoes not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE OCT 1987 2. REPORT TYPE N/A 3. DATES COVERED - 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The NATIONAL SHIPBUILDING RESEARCH Program, Basic Principles ofIndustrial Engineering 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Naval Surface Warfare Center CD Code 2230 - Design Integration ToolsBuilding 192 Room 128 9500 MacArthur Blvd Bethesda, MD 20817-5700 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONREPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10.

3 SPONSOR/MONITOR S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release, distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT SAR 18. NUMBEROF PAGES 190 19a. NAME OFRESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT unclassified b. ABSTRACT unclassified c. THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 In three Parts:Part IPart IIPart IIIBASIC PRINCIPLESOF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERINGWhat is Industrial EngineeringOperational Questions for Industrial EngineersCommunicatingyour IdeasPrepared especially forSNAME PANEL SP-8 ON INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERINGSOCIETY OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS AND MARINE ENGINEERS STANDARDS,INTERNATIONAL , IllinoisPART IWHAT IS INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERINGTABLE OF CONTENTSDEFINITION OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERINGBENEFITS OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERINGWHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERINGTECHNIQUES USED BY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERINGSECTION IISECTION IIISECTION IVSECTION 1 DEFINITION OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING3 Industrial Engineering is concernedimprovement, and installation of integratedmaterials, and draws uponand skill in the mathematical, physical.

4 Togetheranalysiswith the principles and methodswith the design,systems of men,specialized knowledgeand social sciences,of engineeringand design, to specify, predict, and evaluate theresults to be obtained from such systems. ** (INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS)4 SECTION IIBENEFITS OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING5 BENEFITS FORI ndustrialTHE COMPANYE ngineering, provides support servicefor the workers,supervisors, staff, and helps the company to be competitive in the marketplace. Through operational analysis, Industrial Engineeringassistance will lead to lower costs for qualityOnce the method for producing a product is specified,standard hours should be applied for performing that company, by doing so, will-be able to price itsproduct to meet or beat the competition in the market company must deliver an attractive must doso in time to satisfy customer demand, and be confident thecustomer is in agreement with the price trying to achieve better value for thecustomer.

5 Itis important to have confidence that it will be positive attitude that costs are too high and there issomething that we can do about it must is everything beingis replaceable by something that would performfunction better at a lower sameIndustrial Engineering techniques are only toolstodayfor achieving better matter what the product,6assistance helps inThe company will beto satisfy customermarketplace. defining and evaluating the tasks to be accomplished are twoof Industrial Engineering s most effective tools. Thisplanning and producing a better to stay in business,stockholder needs and expand in the7 BENEFITS FOR THE WORKERSOnce the company is more productive than thecompetition, demand for its products will , comes job security for the workers, and the feelingthey are product wanted by the consumer"can be produced because of their securityand job satisfaction are twomotivators or reasons why workers will respond toimportanta particularwork they know there is a demand for the product theyare producing, theyfeel demand will allow for aconstant income,a higher standard of living, and developmentof their particular Engineering can contribute to this "feelingof being wanted by providing the line supervisor withconsistent and fair schedules.

6 Workers must know what theirjob consists of in order to earn their rate of Engineering can satisfy this need throughevaluation of the job and through development of job can also service this need by assisting in jobinstruction,and specification of workers will beproductive workers when atten-tion is paid to their FOR MANAGEMENTBe it line supervision,staff, middle or top manage- ment,all can benefit throughsupport and assistance Industrialproblems is the bottleneck? aren'twork schedules being met?What actionnecessary to reduce the reworkwe decrease our scrap losses?management expect improvement? canEngineeringcanRecognition of work force flow charts, with manning requirementssupplied by Industrial Engineering, will enable management to schedule and reduction of Engineering can be of assistance tomanagement in providing manufacturing routings of can help assign time values tooperations, and specify tools and help can be based upon information gainedfrom historical records, reasonable expectancies,regression analyses, appropriate time studies, is essential that this information be9realistic and clearly for work simplification, and workparticipation.

7 It can effectively assist inreducing of Machines and EquipmentThe Industrial Engineering Department mustcommunicate upward and downward in providingreports for justifying the selection of machinesand will assist management inmaking cost effective decisions in use of What the Best Method IsWork identification and methods engineeringgo hand in hand. Industrialuses these "tools" to assistThe workers,nity benefitthe company andbecause of IllWHAT IS THE FUNCTION OFINDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING ? 11 PLANNING AND PRODUCING A PRODUCTThe primary function of industrial engineering is toassist in planning and producing a identifi-cation and methods engineering basically provide the meansfor industrial engineering to perform this means it can analyze the factors involved in themanufacturing system -- land, capital, labor, and the many forms of work identification andmethods engineering, engineers and production supervisorscan assist in managing and controlling the cost of "tools" of industrial engineering provide assistancefor preparing bids, for improving productivity.

8 And formaintaining and controlling production Engineering can also assist by developing systemsfor maintaining methods and updating economy and methods analysis are used byindustrial engineering for effective use of instruments of production - Materials,Machinery,and Facilities- can be analyzedtrial providingin the management and control ofand-evaluated bythis service, itcapital. indus-will assistThrough analysis of the gifts of nature" -- thesurface, above the surface and below the surface -- industrialengineering can provide technical assistance through analysisof materials,Processes,and labor METHODS AND SCHEDULESA worktransmissionidentification system can be a catalyst andfor moving strategic planning forinto high gear."This aidproduce, and how to producein determining theit, will allow forproductionbest way can only take place through application of work simpli-fication techniques, through methods specifications,and through efficient application of operational facts forestimating, scheduling, and producing need to consider the effect that noise, vibra-tion, stress and climate conditions have on workers, willrequire analysis and evaluation by industrial methods and schedules must be developed with additivesintothe form of operating andcompensate for health andpersonal allowances, safety allowances are usually reflective of needsfor starting and finishing a work considerationis given to protective clothing or equipment worn in regardto the exposure to noise, ofvibration.

9 Productionconsidered as well as instructions some operations, there wouldand climate or workingduring the shift is13 performing scheduled be allowances formachine , or maintenanceof the workplace, and toolPersonal allowances primarily consider productiondelays, interference, stress and recovery, mental andphysical demands, and personal needs of the usually include wash ups and utilization of toiletfacilities, as well as rest (recovery) FACTUAL DATA FOR FOREMEN/SUPERVISORSI ndustrial engineering can assist foremen andsupervisors by supplying factual data in setting UPthe the use of motion economy and worksimplification techniques, it can provide assistance for theforemen and will use their assistancein determining operational methods and work place layouts forthose engineering can analyze the work content andrequired skills necessary to perform a analyzing thework to be performed, it can assist in preventing a squarepeg in a roundWhen thehole" application of , supervisors, and workersare involvedwith Industrial Engineering in specifying job performancerequirements, a reduction of costs can be attributed to the preferred method is specified.

10 Work schedules can be used for setting prices planning production estimating capacity and manpower15In estimating time and costs, industrial engineeringshould be certain to assemble all of the operational data,materials and information available at the shouldof the customer .be "tuned" in withThe impact of thefactual requirementsnew product on spaceand manning requirements, along with machine and equipmentavailability, must be department must workclosely with supervisionr production control, qualitycontrol,and product engineering in assembling and timeAll employees can contribute to work simplificationprograms through analysis of what must be done to makea worker s job easier to suggestion by theworkerto improve the operation must be reportedThis communication of contribution by theactivate significant , canTo assist the foremen and supervisors in determiningand evaluating tooling andindustrial engineering canmultiple activityfacilities requirements.