THE PREVALENCE OF DATING VIOLENCE: A SYSTEMATIC …

1 Ny type of intentional aggression of one partneragainst another in the DATING relationships ofadolescents or young people is consideredviolence in DATING relationships (DV). DATING aggressionstend to fit into three broad categories ( , physical,psychological, and sexual violence ) and, as can be seenin Figure 1, these are manifested in different ways(Cornelius & Resseguie, 2007; Foshee, 1996; Foshee,Bauman, Linder, Rice, & Wilcher, 2007; Leen et al.,2013; Shorey, Cornelius, & Bell, 2008). Nevertheless, thedifferentiation between the various forms of violence isuseful in order to facilitate their study, but it must be keptin mind that the different types of aggression areinterrelated and very often occur together (Pozueco,Moreno, Bl zquez, & Garc a-Baamonde, 2013; Stets &Henderson, 1991).

2 Since James Makepeace (1981) warned about the needto pay attention to the violence that occurred duringdating relationships, an important corpus of empiricalresearch has been generated on various aspects in thisarea ( , theoretical models, PREVALENCE , associated riskfactors or intervention programs). The severity of thisviolent phenomenon and its impact on society today makeit necessary to identify its real PREVALENCE and the mostrelevant associated risk factors. Thus it should be possibleto increase the effectiveness of preventive programs ofviolence against the intimate partner implementedspecifically in the educational centers, since the firstTHE PREVALENCE OF DATING violence : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEWF ernando Rubio-Garay, M.

3 Angeles L pez-Gonz lez, Miguel ngel Carrasco and Pedro Javier AmorUNEDSe presenta una revisi n sistem tica de estudios sobre prevalencia de la violencia en el noviazgo (f sica, psicol gica y sexual)cometida y sufrida en adolescentes y j venes. De 1221 referencias iniciales, 113 cumpl an con los criterios de calidadpreestablecidos (evaluaci n de la violencia con instrumentos fiables y v lidos, muestras superiores a 500 participantes uobtenidas mediante muestreo probabil stico). Se encontr una gran variabilidad en los datos de prevalencia, con rangos devariaci n entre el y el en violencia f sica cometida; entre el y el en violencia f sica sufrida; entre y el 97% en violencia psicol gica cometida; entre el y el en violencia psicol gica sufrida; entre el y en violencia sexual cometida; y entre el y el en violencia sexual sufrida.

4 Los resultados sugieren una mayorprevalencia en la perpetraci n de agresiones psicol gicas por mujeres y sexuales por los hombres; una mayor victimizaci npsicol gica y sexual en mujeres; as como tasas ligeramente superiores de agresiones en los adolescentes que en los adultosj venes. Asimismo, en muchos de los trabajos revisados las agresiones ten an una naturaleza clave:Violencia en el noviazgo, Adolescentes, Prevalencia, Revisi n sistem article conducts a SYSTEMATIC review on the PREVALENCE of DATING violence in adolescents and young people. Primary studiesabout physical, psychological and sexual DATING violence (perpetration and victimization) were analyzed.

5 A total of 1,221references were found and, out of those, 113 met the pre-established quality criteria (studies had to have used assessment toolswith evidence of reliability and validity, in samples over 500 participants or obtained through probabilistic sampling). Theresults showed a great variability of figures on the PREVALENCE of DATING violence . Specifically, the percentages range from in perpetrated physical violence ; from to in victimized physical violence ; from to 97% in perpetratedpsychological violence ; from to in victimized psychological violence ; from to in perpetrated sexualviolence; and finally, from to in victimized sexual violence .

6 The results suggest a higher PREVALENCE in theperpetration of psychological aggression by women and sexual violence by men; greater psychological and sexual victimizationin women; and slightly higher rates of aggression in adolescents than in young adults. Also, in many of the papers theaggression had a bidirectional words: DATING violence , Adolescents, PREVALENCE , SYSTEMATIC : 29 marzo 2016 - Aceptado: 17 julio 2016 Correspondence: Fernando Rubio-Garay. UNED. C/ FranciscoSuay, 100, 1 A. 16004 Cuenca. Espa a. E-mail: del Psic logo / Psychologist Papers, 2017. Vol. 38(2), pp. 135-147 of courtship between adolescents oftenbegin in the centers of secondary recent years, there have been SYSTEMATIC reviews ofthe PREVALENCE of intimate partner violence ( ,Desmarais, Reeves, Nicholls, Telford, & Fiebert, 2012a,2012b), as well as some critical narrative reviews ofdating violence (Gonz lez-Ortega, Echebur a, & Corral,2008; Jackson, 1999; Lewis & Fremouw, 2001; Rey,2008; Rojas-Sol s, 2013; Shorey, Cornelius, & Bell,2008; Shorey, Stuart, & Cornelius, 2011).

7 In the specificarea of DV, although we are aware of a recent systematicreview that has been carried out that has analyzed,among other aspects, the PREVALENCE of this type ofviolence (Leen et al., 2013), the inclusion criteria are veryrestrictive in regards to the age of the participants (12-18years) and the period of analysis (years 2000-2011).Moreover, it only reviews the PREVALENCE of violencesuffered (victimization), leaving out that of violencecommitted (perpetration).With this background, the main objective of this work isthe SYSTEMATIC review of the primary studies on theprevalence of DV (physical, psychological and sexual),both committed and suffered.

8 The results are analyzedand discussed with particular attention to the socio-demographic variables of the participants, such asgender (males vs. females), age (adolescents vs. youngadults) and partner relationship (ongoing vs. finished), aswell as other variables such as the year of publication ofthe study, the country of origin of the study sample, andthe evaluation instruments used, all with the aim ofobtaining a more accurate view of the actual prevalenceof these violent procedureThe search terms, the analysis period and the sourcesconsulted follow the methodology used in previous studies(Montesano, L pez-Gonz lez, Sa l, & Feixas, 2015; Sa let al.)

9 , 2012). In order to select the original primarydocuments, the following search equation was used in thetitle (TI), abstract (AB) or keywords (KW) fields: [("dateviolence" OR "date abuse" OR "date aggression" OR" DATING violence " OR " DATING abuse" OR "datingaggression" OR "courtship violence " OR "courtshipabuse" OR "premarital abuse" OR "premarital violence "OR "premarital aggression") AND (" PREVALENCE " OR"incidence" OR "frequency")]. The databases used werePsycINFO and Medline (thematic), and E-Journals,THE PREVALENCE OF DATING VIOLENCE136 ArticlesFIGURE 1 FORMS OF MANIFESTATION OF violence IN DATING RELATIONSHIPSBEHAVIORALEXPRESSIONS OF DVPSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCEPHYSICAL VIOLENCESEXUAL VIOLENCEV erbal and/ordynamicmanifestations ofinterpersonalharassmentImposition ofbehaviorsAttacks on propertyEmotionalmanipulation of thevictimSocial isolation, orders, abusive insistence,invasion of privacy, sabotage, physicalviolenceHitting, biting, slapping, shoving, scratching, kickingSevere physicalviolenceThrowing objects, attacking with a weapon, strangling,burning, beating, attempts /Homicide Use of physical force Rape, attempted rape.

10 Physical coercion to have sexual relationsSexual abuse Under the influence of alcohol or drugs or by diminishing the mental capacityof the victimInfringement of thevictim s freedomPsychological coercion to increase the number of sexual relations, imposition ofunwanted or degrading sexual behavior, sabotage of contraceptive methodsDestruction or damage of properties, objects oranimals valued by the victim; denial orobstruction of access to money or other basicresources; of responsibility or blame; denial ofthe violence exercised, questioning of the mentalhealth of the victimInsults, shouting, reproaches, criticisms, threats,intimidations and coercions, humiliations,ridiculing, provoking feelings of shame, Search Premier, Scopus and Web of Science(multidisciplinary).