The Respiratory System - jkaser.com

1 Essentials of Human Anatomy & PhysiologySeventh EditionElaine N. MariebChapter 13 The Respiratory SystemCopyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsSlides Respiratory SystemLecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. CookOrgans of the Respiratory systemOrgans of the Respiratory System Nose Pharynx LarynxSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs alveoliFigure of the Respiratory SystemFunction of the Respiratory System Oversees gas exchanges between theblood and external environment Exchange of gasses takes place withinSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

2 Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Exchange of gasses takes place withinthe lungs in the alveoli Passageways to the lungs purify, warm,and humidify the incoming airThe NoseThe Nose The only externally visible part of therespiratory System Air enters the nose through the externalSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Air enters the nose through the externalnares (nostrils) The interior of the nose consists of anasal cavity divided by a nasal septumUpper Respiratory TractUpper Respiratory TractSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

3 Publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure of the Nasal CavityAnatomy of the Nasal Cavity Olfactory receptors are located in themucosa on the superior surface The rest of the cavity is lined withSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The rest of the cavity is lined withrespiratory mucosa Moistens air Traps incoming foreign particlesAnatomy of the Nasal CavityAnatomy of the Nasal Cavity Lateral walls have projections calledconchae Increases surface area Increases air turbulence within the nasalSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

4 Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Increases air turbulence within the nasalcavity The nasal cavity is separated from theoral cavity by the palate Anterior hard palate (bone) Posterior soft palate (muscle)Paranasal SinusesParanasal Sinuses Cavities within bones surrounding thenasal cavity Frontal boneSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Maxillary boneParanasal SinusesParanasal Sinuses Function of the sinuses Lighten the skullSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

5 Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Act as resonance chambers for speech Produce mucus that drains into the nasalcavityPharynx (Throat)Pharynx (Throat) Muscular passage from nasal cavity tolarynx Three regions of the pharynx Nasopharynx superior region behindnasal cavitySlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nasopharynx superior region behindnasal cavity Oropharynx middle region behind mouth Laryngopharynx inferior region attachedto larynx The oropharynx and laryngopharynx arecommon passageways for air and foodStructures of the PharynxStructures of the Pharynx Auditory tubes enter the nasopharynx Tonsils of the pharynx Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) in theSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

6 Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) in thenasopharynx Palatine tonsils in the oropharynx Lingual tonsils at the base of the tongueLarynx (Voice Box)Larynx (Voice Box) Routes air and food into properchannels Plays a role in speechSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Plays a role in speech Made of eight rigid hyaline cartilagesand a spoon-shaped flap of elasticcartilage (epiglottis)Structures of the LarynxStructures of the Larynx Thyroid cartilage Largest hyaline cartilage Protrudes anteriorly (Adam s apple)Slide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

7 Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Protrudes anteriorly (Adam s apple) Epiglottis Superior opening of the larynx Routes food to the larynx and air towardthe tracheaStructures of the LarynxStructures of the Larynx Vocal cords (vocal folds) Vibrate with expelled air to create soundSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Vibrate with expelled air to create sound(speech) Glottis opening between vocal cordsTrachea (Windpipe)Trachea (Windpipe) Connects larynx with bronchi Lined with ciliated mucosa Beat continuously in the opposite direction ofincoming airSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

8 Publishing as Benjamin Cummingsincoming air Expel mucus loaded with dust and otherdebris away from lungs Walls are reinforced with C-shapedhyaline cartilagePrimary BronchiPrimary Bronchi Formed by division of the trachea Enters the lung at the hilus(medial depression)Slide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Right bronchus is wider, shorter,and straighter than left Bronchi subdivide into smallerand smaller branchesLungsLungs Occupy most of the thoracic cavity Apex is near the clavicle (superior portion) Base rests on the diaphragm (inferiorSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.)

9 Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Base rests on the diaphragm (inferiorportion) Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures Left lung two lobes Right lung three lobesLungsLungsSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure of the LungsCoverings of the Lungs Pulmonary (visceral) pleura covers thelung surface Parietal pleura lines the walls of theSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Parietal pleura lines the walls of thethoracic cavity Pleural fluid fills the area betweenlayers of pleura to allow glidingRespiratory Tree DivisionsRespiratory Tree Divisions Primary bronchi Secondary bronchiSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

10 Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Tertiary bronchi Bronchioli Terminal bronchioliBronchiolesBronchiolesSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure Smallestbranches ofthe bronchiBronchiolesBronchiolesSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure All but the smallestbranches havereinforcing cartilageBronchiolesBronchiolesSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Terminalbronchioles endin alveoliFigure ZoneRespiratory Zone Structures Respiratory bronchioliSlide 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.