The Solubility of Nitrogen and Air in Liquids - NIST

1 The Solubility of Nitrogen and Air in Liquids Cite as: Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 13, 563 (1984); Published Online: 15 October 2009. Rubin Battino, Timothy R. Rettich, and Toshihiro Tominaga ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN. Erratum: The Solubility of Nitrogen and Air in Liquids [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 13, 563 (1984)]. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 43, 049901 (2014); https://. The Solubility of Oxygen and Ozone in Liquids Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 12, 163 (1983); https://. Pressure dependence of the Solubility of Nitrogen , argon, krypton, and xenon in water The Journal of Chemical Physics 93, 2724 (1990); Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 13, 563 (1984); 13, 563. 1984 American Institute of Physics for the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The Solubility of Nitrogen 'and Air in Liquids Rubin Battino, Timothy R. Rettich,a) and Toshihiro Tominaga b ).

2 , Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435. This review covers the Solubility of Nitrogen and air in Liquids as a function of tempera- ture and pressure~ Solubility data for individual systems were critically evaluated. Recom- mended or tentative values are presented as smoothing equations and/or in tabular form. Trends in homologous series or related solvents are discussed. Data for the n-alkanes were smoothed with respect to temperature, pressure, and carbon number. Liquids include: water; heavy water; seawater; aqueous salt solutions; mixed solvents; hydrocarbons; or- ganic compounds containing oxygen, halogen, sulfur, Nitrogen , or silicon; olive oil; var- ious biological fluids; H 2S; S02; NH 3 ;, CO 2 ; Nitrogen oxides; and several halogen and boron containing inorganic solvents. Key words: air; aqueous solutions; biological fluids; gas Solubility ; hydrocarbons; inorganic sol- vents; mixed solvents; Nitrogen ; organic solvents; seawater; water.

3 Contents 1. Introduction .. 567 panol/Water and 2-Propanol! 2. Methods of Measurement .. 567 Water Mixtures .. 574. 3. Treatment of Solubility Data .. 567 Nitrogen Solubilities in 1,2,3-Pro- Solubility Units .. 567 panetriol (Glycerol)/Water Mix- Reliability Estimates .. ~ .. 568 tures .. ~.. 574. Fitting Equations .. 568 Nitrogen Solubilities in 2,2,2- Thermodynamic Functions .. 568 Trichloro-1, 1-ethanediollchloral 4. Nitrogen Solubilities .. ~ .. 568 hydrate)/Water Mixtures .. 574. Solubility of Nitrogen in Water .. 569 Nitrogen Solubilities in Propanoic Temperatures up to 350 K (low Acid/Water Mixtures .. 574. pressure) .. 569 Nitrogen Solubilities in 2-Methyl- Temperatures above 350 K (high propanoic Acid/Water Mixtures. 575. pressures) .. 570 Nitrogen Solubilities in Acet- Isotope Effects/Heavy Water .. 570 amideIWater Mixtures .. 575. Solubility of Nitrogen in Seawater .. 570 Nitrogen in Mixed Solvents 325. Solubility of Nitrogen in Aqueous Salt So- MPa).

4 575. lutions .. 571 Mixtures of Ethanol Plus 2-Pro- Acids and Bases .. 571 panone and Ethanol Plus 2,2,4- Group IA Salts .. 572 Trimethylpentane .. 575. Group IIA Salts .. 572 Mixtures of Acetic Acid, Ethyl Es- Other Salts .. 573 ter (Ethyl Acetate) Plus Ethanol;. Solubility of Nitrogen in Organic Solvents Ethane, 1, I' -Oxybis (Diethyl Plus Water .. 573 Ether) Plus Ethanol; and Benzene Nitrogen Solubilities in Methanol! Plus 575. Water Mixtures .. 573 Mixtures of I-Propanol Plus 2,2,4- Nitrogen Solubilities in Ethanol! Trimethylpentane and Cyclohex- Watt:!' Mixtures .. 574 ane Plus 2,2,4-Trimethylpentanc . 575. Nitrogen Solubilities in 1-Pro- Mixtures of Hydrazine Plus 1,1- Dimethylhydrazine .. 576. Nitrogen in Mixed Solvents (above alChemistry Department, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 325 MPa) .. 576. 61701. blDepartment of Fundamental Natural Science, Okayama University of Mixtures of Acetic Acid and Cy- Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama-700, Japan.

5 Clohexanone .. 576. Mixtures of Cyc1ohexanol, Cyclo- hexanone, and Acetic Acid .. 576. 1984 by the Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. This copyright is assigned to the American Institute of Physics and the Mixtures of Methylcyclohexane American Chemical Society. and Heptane .. 577. Reprints availabJe from ACS; see Reprint List at back of issue. Mixtures of Oxygen and Nitrogen 0047 -2689/84/020563-38/$ 563 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 13, No. 2,1984. 564 BATTINO, RETTICH, AND TOMINAGA. in Cyclohexane .. 577 Cyclohexano) and ] ,2-Ethanediol Nitrogen in Hydrocarbons ( 325 MPa) 577 (Ethylene Glycol) .. 587. n-Alkanes as a Group .. 577 : 2-Propanone (Acetone) .. 587. Alkanes Individually .. 577 Acetic Acid, Methyl Ester (Methyl n-Pentane .. ~ .. 577 Acetate) .. 587. n-Hexane .. 577 ],] -Oxybiscthane (Diethyl Ether) . 588. ; n-Heptane .. 578 Other Organic Compounds Con- n-Octane .. 578 taining Oxygen .. 588.

6 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane .. 578 Nitrogen in Organic Compounds Contain- n-Nonane .. : 578 ing Oxygen (above 325 MPa) .. 588. n-Decane .. 578 588. C 11 to C I5 .. 578 588. n-Hexadecane .. 578 Cyc1ohexanone .. 588. Cyclic Hydrocarbons .. 578 1,3-Dioxolan-2-one,4-methyl-, Cyc1ohexane .. 578 (Propylene Carbonate) .. 588. 4 Other Cyclic Hydrocar- . 1,2,3-Propanetriol, triacetate bons .. ~ .. 579 (Glycerol Triacetate) .. 588. Aromatic Hydrocarbons .. 579 Pentanedioic Acid,-Dimethyl Es- Benzene .. 579 ter (Dimethyl Glutarate) .. 588. Toluene .. 579 2,5,8,11, 14-Pentaoxapentadecane Nitrogen in Hydrocarbons (above (Tetramethylene Glycol Dimethyl 325 MPa) .. 579 Ester) .. 588. The n-Alkanes as a Group .. 580 ' 1,2-Epoxyethane(EthyleneOxide) 588. Methane .. 581 Nitrogen in Organic Compounds Contain- Ethene .. 581 ing Halogen ( 325 MPa) .. 588. Ethane .. :.. 5'82 Dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon- Propene .. ~ .. ~ .. 582 12) .. 589. Propane.

7 582 Tetrachloromethane .. 589. n-Butane .. ;.. 583 Trichloromethane (Chloroform).. 589. 2-Methylpropane (Isobutane) .. 583 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluor- n-Pentane .. 583 oethane (Freon-114) .. 589. 2-Methylbutane .. 583 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroeth- n-Hexane .. 583 ane .. 589. 1l-IIeptane .. 583 Hc::xafiuorobenzene .. 589. n-Octane .. 583 .. 589. 2,2,4 Trimethylpentane .. 584 l-Chlorohexane .. 589. n-Decane .. 584 Undecafluoro(trifluoromethyl)cy- n-Dodecane .. 584 clohexane, (perfluoromethylcyclo- n-Hexadecane .. 584 hexane) .. ;.. 589. Cyclohexane .. 584 Hexadecafluoroheptane (perfluor- Methylcyclohexanc .. 584 olleptane) .. 589. Benzene .. 585 1-Bromoheptane .. 589. Toluene .. 585 Decafluoro bis(trifluoromethyl). Nitrogen in Organic Compounds Contain- cyclohexane (perfluorodimethyl ing Oxygen ( 325 MPa) .. 585 cyclohexane) .. 589. Alcohols as a Group .. 586 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-Trideca- Methanol .. 586 fluoro-6-[ 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1- Ethanol.]

8 586 (trifi uoromcthy1)ethoxy]-hexane I-Propanol .. 586 (perfluoro-1-isopropoxyhexane).. 589. 2-Propanol .. 586 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-0ctafluoro-1,4- I-Butanol .. 586 bis( ,2,2-tetrafluoromethyl-1- 2-Methyl-I-propanol .. 587 (trifluoromethyl)ethoxy) butane I-Pentano] .. 587 (perfluoro-l,4-diisopropxybutane) 590. I-Hexanol .. 587 Methane, chlorotrifluoro .. 590. 1-Heptanol .. 587 Tt::lndluowmcthallC .. 590. I-Octanol .. 587 Germanium Tetrachloride .. 590. I-Decanol .. 587 Other Organic Compounds Con- I-Nonanol, l Undecanol, and 1- taining Halogen .. 590. Dodecanol .. 587 Nitrogen in Organic Compounds Contain- J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 13, , 1984. Solubility OF Nitrogen AND AIR IN Liquids 565. ing Halogen (above 325 MPa) .. 590 1514. Miscellaneous .. ;.. 597. Chlorotrifluorumethalle (f'reon- 6. COll\;lu:siullS .. 598. 13) .. 590 'J,. Acknowledgments .. 598. Dichlorodifiuoromethane .. 590 8. References .. ,.. 598. Tetrachlorome~hane.

9 590. Tetrafiuoromethane .. 590. Chlorodifluoromethane .. 590 List of Tables Nitrogen in Solvents Containing Nitrogen 1. Second virial coefficients for Nitrogen .. 568. ( 325 MPa) .. 590. 2. Solubility of Nitrogen in water for partial pres- 4. Nitromethane .. ,.. 591 sure of gas 325 MPa calculated ). 569. 4. N-Methylacetamide .. 591 3. Thermodynamic functions for the process of dis . Nitric Acid, Propyl Ester ,.. 591 solving Nitrogen at 325 MPa partial pres- Pyrrolidine, Pyridine, and Piperi- sure in water at selected temperatures .. 569. dine .. 591 4. Solubility of Nitrogen in D 20 at 325 MPa 570. 4. Nitrobenzene .. 591. 5. Coefficients for Eq. (13) for several Solubility 4. 1~. f. "Benzenamine (Aniline) .. 591 uuils and n::fen:::Jl\;c conditions f01- uitrogcll solu- 1, 1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4~Nonafluoro N,N bility in seawater .. 570. bis (nonafluor'obutyl) l-butana- 6. Bunsen coefficient a for Nitrogen Solubility in mine (perfiuorobutyl amine).

10 591 seawater at several temperatures and salinities .. 570. 4. Hydrazine, Methylhydrazine, and 7. Sechenov salt-effect parameters for Nitrogen dis- l,l-Dimethylhydrazine .. 592 solved in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions .. 571. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine .. 592 8. ,Sechenov salt-effect parameters for Nitrogen dis- Nitrogen in Solvents Containing Nitrogen solved in aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions .. 571. (above 325 MPa) .. 592. 9. Sechenov salt-effect parameters for Nitrogen dis- Pyrrolidinone, .. 592. solved in aqueous sodium chloride solutions .. 571. ,1,5 ..dimethyl- ..I;; 592. 10. Sechenov salt-effect parameters for Nitrogen sol- Nitrogen in Organic Compounds Cont91n- ubHity in 1 molar Liel and KI aqueous solutions 572. ing Sulfur or Silicon .. 592. 11. Sechenov salt-effect parameters for dissolving Carbon Disulfide "~"'"'''''''''''''''I''' 592. Nitrogen in aqueous K 2 C03 solutions .. 572. Sulfinylbismethane (Dimethyl Sul- 12.)