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1 THE WORLD BANKW ashington, 2006 by the International Bankfor Reconstruction and Development/! e WORLD Bank1818 H Street, , 20433, rights reservedManufactured in the United States of AmericaFirst printing September 20061 2 3 4 08 07 06! e fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this book are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the WORLD bank , to its affi liated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. ! e WORLD bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsi-bility for any consequence of their use. ! e boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the WORLD bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.! e material in this publication is copyrighted.

2 ! e WORLD bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant per-mission to reproduce portions of the work to photocopy items for internal or personal use, for the internal or personal use of specifi c clients, or for classroom use is granted by the WORLD bank , provided that the appropriate fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470. Please contact the Copyright Clearance Center before photocopying permission to reprint individual articles or chapters, please fax a request with complete information to the Republication De-partment, Copyright Clearance Center, fax other queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the Offi ce of the Publisher, WORLD bank , at the address above or faxed to order the Africa Development Indicators 2006, e Little Data Book on Africa 2006, and WORLD bank Africa Database 2006 ( Multiple- user CD-ROM), please visit the publications web site at more information about the Africa Development Indicators and its companion products, please visit our web site at You can email us at design by Michael Diavolikis of Communications Development Incorporated.

3 Photo credits: front cover, Curt Carnemark; top row, left to right, Trevor Samson/ WORLD bank ; Curt Carnemark/ WORLD bank ; Scott Wallace/ WORLD bank ; Eric Miller/ WORLD bank ; Curt Carnemark/ WORLD bank ; back cover, small top inset, Eric Miller/ WORLD bank ; large top inset, Curt Carnemark/ WORLD bank ; bottom, left to right: Scott Wallace/ WORLD bank ; Eric Miller/ WORLD bank ; Curt Car-nemark/ WORLD bank ; Ray Witlin/ WORLD bank ; Eric Miller/ WORLD : 0-8213-6537-1 ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6537-3eISBN: 0-8213-6538-XDOI: iiiForeword viAcknowledgments viiMoving from the Year of Africa to the Decade of Africa From Promises to Results 1 Notes 20 References 21 Indicator tables 23 Part I. Basic indicators and national accounts 1. Basic Basic indicators 252. National accounts Gross domestic product, real Gross domestic product per capita, real Agriculture value added Industry value added Services value added Gross domestic product, nominal Total consumption General government consumption Gross fi xed capital formation General government fi xed capital formation Private sector fi xed capital formation Gross domestic savings Gross national savings Resource balance (exports minus imports) Exports of goods and services, nominal Imports of goods and services, nominal Exports of goods and services, real Imports of goods and services, real Gross domestic product growth Gross domestic product per capita growth Gross national income per capita Total consumption per capita 47 Contentsiv Africa Development Indicators 2006 Part II.

4 Millennium Development Goals 3. Millennium Development Millennium Development Goal 1: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Millennium Development Goal 2: achieve universal primary education Millennium Development Goal 3: promote gender equality and empower women Millennium Development Goal 4: reduce child mortality Millennium Development Goal 5: improve maternal health Millennium Development Goal 6: combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases Millennium Development Goal 7: ensure environmental sustainability Millennium Development Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development 56 Part III. Development outcomesResults Status of Paris Declaration indicators 58 Drivers of growth 5. Private sector Business environment Investment climate 606. International trade and tariff barriers Regional integration, trade blocs 657. Water and sanitation Transportation Information and communication technology Energy Financial sector infrastructure 74 Participating in growth 8.

5 Human Education Health 789. Agriculture and rural Rural development Agriculture 8210. Labor, migration, and Labor Migration and population 86 Contents v11. HIV/AIDS 8712. Malaria 8813. Capable states and Aid and debt relief Capable states Governance and anticorruption indicators Country Policy and Institutional Assessment ratings, 2005 94 Part IV: Household Welfare 14. Household Burkina Faso household survey, 2003 Burundi household survey, 1998 Cameroon household survey, 2001 C te d Ivoire household survey, 1998 Ethiopia household survey, 2000 Gambia household survey, 1998 Ghana household survey, 1998/99 Kenya household survey, 1997 Madagascar household survey, 1999 Malawi household survey, 1997/98 Mozambique household survey, 1996 Nigeria household survey, 2004 S o Tom and Principe household survey, 2000 Sierra Leone household survey, 2002/03 Uganda household survey, 2002/03 Zambia household survey, 1998 110 Technical notes 111 Statistical references 147 Users guide: WORLD bank Africa Database 2006 andAfrica Development Indicators CD-ROM 151vi Africa Development Indicators 2006 Making headway against African poverty and meeting the Millennium Development Goals are raising diffi cult challenges in most African countries.

6 Despite pockets of success, nearly half the region s population still lives in ex-treme poverty, and Africa still houses about three-fourths of the WORLD s poorest countries. But Africa is today a continent on the move. Average economic growth remains strong, ex-ports are increasing, and many countries are making tangible progress on delivering better health and education outcomes. Africa Development Indicators 2006 is the latest annual report from the WORLD bank on social and economic conditions across the continent. It was revamped this year to better report and monitor the challenges and transformations in Africa. Africa Devel-opment Indicators has evolved from a single data book, and this year consists of three in-dependent but complementary products: this book, which brings together an essay and key outcome indicators for Africa, e Little Data Book on Africa 2006, and the WORLD bank Af-rica Database (CD-ROM).

7 Each year s essay will discuss a topic of rel-evance for Africa. Starting the new series is an essay about the Year and the Decade of Af-rica. ! e essay takes stock of how countries and donors performed during 2005, which was marked by meetings of the UN Millen-nium Task Force, the Commission for Africa, and the Group of Eight Summit at Gleneagles, Scotland, and culminated in the UN Millennium+5 Summit in New York. ! e essay refl ects both the magnitude of the chal-lenges and the strength of the response and also sounds a clear warning on the need to move from promises to results to meet the Millennium Development Goals by in the book have been assembled from a variety of sources to present a broad picture of development across Africa. ! e book is designed to provide a set of key indi-cators to monitor development outcomes in the region. It is an important reference tool for those who want a better understanding of the economic and social developments occur-ring in Africa.

8 ! e tables comprise a selection of key development outcome indicators from 1980 to 2004. ! ey off er detailed informa-tion in areas such as the Millennium Devel-opment Goals, private sector development, trade, agriculture and rural development, HIV/AIDS and malaria, infrastructure, the Paris Declaration, governance, and aid. e Little Data Book on Africa 2006 is a pocket edition of Africa Development Indica-tors and is intended as a quick reference on the most recent key indicators for users of Africa Development Indicators 2006.! e WORLD bank Africa Database 2006 of-fers the most comprehensive database on Africa, covering about 1,200 indicators of macroeconomic, sectoral, and human devel-opment variables, with time series of many indicators going back to 1965. ! e CD-ROM also off ers country at-a-glance tables for all African countries and map tools for the rich data refl ected in this fam-ily of products, the lack of data for Africa is still a major impediment to monitoring de-velopment progress.

9 As users will notice, many variables have few country observa-tions and underline the need to improve data collection across the continent. I hope that this new series will contribute to the way countries, development partners, analysts, academics, and others understand and design development policies in PageChief Economist, Africa Region Foreword Africa Development Indicators 2006 was pro-duced by the Offi ce of the Chief Economist and the Operational Quality and Knowledge Services Group of the Africa Region. ! e De-velopment Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency collaborated in the production of e Little Data Book on Afri-ca 2006 and the WORLD bank Africa Database 2006. ! is book and its companions, e Little Data Book on Africa 2006 and WORLD bank Af-rica Database 2006, were prepared by a team led by Jorge Arbache and Vildan Verbeek-Demiraydin, comprising Zena Angesom, Francoise Genouille, Rose Mungai, Joan Pandit, and Christophe Rockmore.

10 Mehdi Akhlaghi provided technical support for e Little Data Book on Africa 2006, and William Prince provided technical support for the WORLD bank Africa Database CD-ROM. John Page, Chief Economist, Africa Region, pro-vided overall guidance and supervision. ! e essay and Africa Development Indi-cator tables benefi ted from contributions from a large number of people. Ivar Ander-sen, Jorge Araujo, Demba Ba, ! orsten Beck, Misha Belkindas, Harry Broadman, Karen Brooks, Derek Byerlee, Michael Fuchs, Mad-hur Gautam, Linda Van Gelder, Delfi n Go, Catalina Gutierrez, Katie Heller, Lawrence E. Hinkle, Stefan Hochhuth, James Keough, Mohamed Khatouri, Jean Michel Marchat, Sergio Margulis, Celestin Monga, Anna Mu-ganba, Jonathan Munemo, Francois Nanko-bogo, Benno Nludu, Essama Nssah, Sonia Plaza, Francesca Recanatini, Ivan Rossignol, Francis Rowe, Pieter Serneels, Sudhir Shetty, Stephanie H. Tam, Mark Roland ! omas, Robert Townsend, Dileep Wagle, Naoko Watanabe, Elizabeth White, and Yutaka Yo-shino provided inputs in the form of com-ments, suggestions, background notes, and boxes.