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1 THIS PAGE ISBLANKC opyright 2006 New Age International (P) Ltd., PublishersPublished by New Age International (P) Ltd., PublishersAll rights part of this ebook may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm,xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrievalsystem, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the inquiries should be emailed to (10) : 81-224-2333-7 ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2333-4 PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLDNEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002 Visit us at have been significant developments and advances in the field of power plant engineering,computer applications on energy audit and management, environmental audit and management, humandevelopment and environment.

2 The authors have been encouraged to write this pioneer book for thebenefit of students of engineering and researchers due to their contribution in power generation cover-ing the syllabi of conventional power plants , Power Plant Engineering, at the international level ingeneral as text cum reference book being pilot project of the authors specially in the area of conventional power plant willsatisfy the engineering scholars as well as researchers in the field of direct energy conversion the present book the syllabi enclosed has been covered in the most lucid manner frompower plant point of view to avoid the unnecessary bulkiness and to reduce the cost of the price forthe benefit of our beloved students of engineering in particular and others in have written this pioneering book on the basis of syllabi in the most lucid and compactmanner for the benefit of the students and the authors are greatly indebted to Ch.

3 Sunil Singh, Chairman, SITM Lucknow, Mr. MishraSuptt. Engineer, Saudia Electric Co. Saudi Arabia, for their great encouragement in writing this their support and help we would not have been able to accomplish this tough and the end the authors will feel obliged for critical and useful suggestions since this pioneer bookcovers the syllabi in the most useful area of Mechanical Engineering in particular and is applicable forall branches of technology and engg. for all major Indian Universities, as well as at international RajaAmit P. SrivastavaManish DwivediTHIS PAGE (v) (vii)Chapter 1: Fundamental of Power Concept of Power Classification of Power Types of Power Development in Resources for Power Present Power Position in Future Planning for Power Power Corporations in National Thermal Power National Hydro-Electric Power Rural Electrification Valley North-Eastern Electric Power Corporation Bhakra Beas Management Board and Beas Construction Power Engineers Training Society (PETS).

4 Central Power Research Institute (CPRI), Nathpa, Jhaicri Power Corporation Review of Thermodynamics Cycles Related to Power Classification of Power Plant Carnot Rankine Reheat Regenerative Cycle (Feed Water Heating).. Binary Vapour Reheat-Regenerative Fuels and Steam Steam Prime Steam Surface Jet Types of Jet Water (Hydraulic) Impulse and Reaction Scienc Vs. Scientific Science and Technology Facts Vs. Atomic Highlights of the Nuclear Power Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ocean Engineering 2: Non-Conventional Energy Resources and Energy Various Energy Energy Energy Technology and Energy Law of Conservation of Facts and Figures about Indian and Global Energy The Natural Nuclear LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas).

5 Hydro Energy Energy (viii) Energy Introduction to Various Sources of Conventional Sources of Non-Conventional Sources of Introduction to Various Non-Conventional Energy Aerobic and Anaerobic Bio-Conversion Raw Properties of Bio Bio Gas Plant Wind Wind Machine Aerofoil Wind Power Economic Selection of Wind Recent Solar Solar Solar Thermal Power Solar Energy Recent Developments in Solar Power Electrochemical Effects and Fuel Reversible Ideal Fuel Other Types of Fuel Efficiency of Thermionic Systems and Thennionic Thermoionic Ideal and Actual Thermoelectric Principle of Geo Thermal Hot Steam Site (ix) Geothermal Power Advanced Ocean Power Plants Based on Ocean Other Energy Liquid Fuel Cell Hydrogen Hydrogen Energy Battery Operated Bio Fuel Hydroelectric Innovative Heat Exchanger to Save 3: Power Plant Economics and Variable Load Terms and Factor Effecting Power Plant Effect of Power Plant Type on Initial Rate of Operational Cost of Labout Cost of Maintenance and Cost of Effect of Plant Type on Rates (Tariffs or Energy Element).

6 Requirements of a Types of Effect of Plant Type on Fixed Effect of Plant Type on Customer Investor s Economics in Plant Economic of Power Industrial Production and Power Generational Load (x) Ideal and Realized Load Effect of Variable Load on Power Plan Effect of Variable Load on Power Plant 4 : Steam Power Essentials of Steam Power Plant Power Station Characteristics of Steam Power Coal Dewatering of Fuel Burning Types of Method of Fuel Hand Mechanical Firing (Stokers).. Automatic boiler Pulverized Ball Ball and Race Shaft Pulverized Coal Pulverized Coal Cyclone Fired Water Ash Ash Handling Smoke and Dust Types of Dust Fly Ash Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC).

7 Types of FBC 5 : Steam Types of Cochran Lancashire (xi) Locomotive Babcock Wilcox Industrial Merits and Demerits of Water Tube Boilers over fire Tube Boilers Requirements of a Good High Pressure La Mont Benson Schmidt-Hartmann Velox 6 : Steam Principle of Operation of Steam Classification of Steam The Simple Impulse Compounding of Impulse Pressure Compounded Impulse Simple Velocity-Compounded Impulse Pressure and Velocity Compounded Impulse Impulse-Reaction Advantages of Steam Turbine over Steam Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Choice of Steam Steam Turbine Steam Turbine 7 : Fuels and Coal Proximate Ultimate Heating (xii) Coal Mechanical Pulverized-Coal Cyclone 8 : Diesel Power Operating Basic Types of IC Two-Stroke, Spark Ignition Gas Engines/Petrol Diesel Engines/Heavy Oil Duel Fuel High Compression Gas Advantage of Diesel Power Disadvantage of Diesel Power Application of Diesel Power General Layout of Diesel Power Performance of Diesel Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP).

8 Indicated Hourse Power (IHP).. Brake Horse Power ( ).. Frictional Horse Power ( ).. Indicated Thermal Brake Thermal Efficiency (Overall Efficiency).. Mechanical Fuel System of Diesel Power Lubrication System of Diesel Power Liquid Lubicricants or Wet Sump Lubrication Solid Lubricants or Dry Sump Lubrication Mist Lubrication Air Intakes and Admission System of Diesel Power Supercharging System of Diesel Power Types of Advantages of Exhaust System of Diesel Power Cooling System of Diesel Power Open Cooling Natural Circulation (xiii) Forced Circulation Cooling Diesel Plant Efficiency of Diesel Power Heat Balance 9 : Gas Turbine Power Classification of Gas Turbine Power Open Cycle Gas Turbine Power Closed Cycle Gas Turbine Power Elements of Gas Turbine Power Intercoolers and Heat Combustion Gas Regeneration and Cogeneration Cogeneration Auxiliary Starting Ignition Lubrication Fuel System and Control of Gas Prime Protective Gas Turbine Effect of Blade Improvement in Open Operations and Maintenance Maintenance Troubleshooting and Combined Cycle Power Applications of Gas (xiv) Advantages of Gas Turbine Power 10 : Nuclear Power General History and Major What Might Change the Current Situation ?

9 Technical History and After The Atomic Summary of Nuclear Energy Concepts and Summary of Critical Alpha Beta Gamma Uramium Half Life, Ethical Problems in Nuclear Power Chemical and Nuclear Nuclear Fusion and Energy From Fission and Fuel Burn Nuclear Parts of a Nuclear Nuclear Moderating Reactor Biological Coolant (xv) Conservation Neutron Clasification of Cost of Nuclear Power Nuclear Power Station in Water Reactor (LWR) and Heavy Water Reactor (HWR).. Importance of Heavy Site Comparison of Nulcear Power Plant and Steam Power Multiplication Uranium Reactor Power Nuclear Power Plant Safety Measures for Nuclear Power Site Selection and Commissioning Major Nuclear Power Chernobyl Nuclear Power Reactor Design: Control of the Chernobyl Reactor Accident/Safety Safety Problems in Chernobyl Reactor System Another Safety Problem with the Other, Earlier, Soviet Nuclear 11.

10 Hydro-Electric Power Hydrograph and Flow Duration The Mass Selection of Site for a Hydro-Electric Power Essential Features of a Water-Power Calculations of Water Power Classification of Storage Run-of-River Power (xvi) Pumped Storage Power Power House and Turbine Advantages and Disadvantages of Underground Specific Speed of Draft Methods to Avoid Types of Draft Different Types of Draft Models and Model Selection of 12 : Electrical Generators and Constructional Core Cooling of Simple Mixed Natural Oil Forced Oil Internal Single Bus-Bar Single Bus-Bar System with Duplicate Bus-Bar Busbar Differential Fault Bus (xvii)Chapter 13 : Pollution and its Environment Pollution due to Energy Environment Pollution due to Industrial Trial Environment Pollution to Road Harmful Effects of Buildings and Soil, Vegetation and Animal Human Steps Taken so far and their Noise Pollution and its Green House Gases and their Fossil Fuel Urban Air Acid Global Climate Stratospheric Ozone Acid Pollution due to Combustion of Gas Pollution due to Gas Unburned Hydrocarbons (UHCS).