TUNNEL DESIGN BY ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATIONS

1 : OTIC FILE COPY IECHNICAL REPORT GL-79-19 TUNNEL DESIGN BY ROCK mass CLASSIFICATIONSbyZ. T. BieniawskiD-A219 783 Pennsylvania State UniversityDepartment of Mineral EngineeringUniversity Park, Pennsylvania 16802 DTICELECTE3 MAR28 19W-' January 1990 Update of Technical Report GL-79-19 Approved For Public Re;tas,, Distribution UnlimitedIVPrepared for DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYUS Army Corps of EngineersWashington, DC 20314-1000 Under Contract Nos. DACW39-78-M-3314and DACW39-84-M-1462 Monitored by Geotechnical LaboratoryUS Army Engineer Waterways Experiment StationT3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-6199 UnclassifiedSECURITY classification OF THIS PAGEForm ApprovedREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No.

2 0704-0188la REPORT SECURITY classification Ib RESTRICTIVE MARKINGSU nclassified2a. SECURITY classification AUTHORITY 3 DISTRIBUTION /AVAILABILITY OF REPORTA pproved for public release; distribution2b DECLASSIFICATION /DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE unlimited4 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) S MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S)Technical Report GL-79-196a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION(If applicable) USAEWESSee reverse Geotechnical Laboratory6c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) Sta At ,,, e, and Z/PCode)3909 Halls Ferry RoadUniversity Park, PA 16802 Vicksburg, MS 39180-61998a.

3 NAME OF FUNDING/SPONSORING 8b. OFFICE SYMBOL 9 PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERORGANIZATION (If applicable) DACW39-78-M-3314US Army Corps of Engineers DACW39-84-M-14628c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 10 SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERSPROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNITELEMENT NO. NO. NO. ACCESSION , DC 20314-1000I I TITLE (Include Security classification ) TUNNEL DESIGN by Rock mass Classifications12 PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)Bieniawski, Z. TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (Year, Month, Day) 15.

4 PAGE COUNTR eprinted January 1990 FROM _ TO_ January 1990 15816. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATIONA vailable from National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,VA 22161 -17. COSATI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP CLASSIFICATIONS ' Engineering geology; masses, TunnelsConstruction Park River project Rock mechanics, : DESIGN Rock classification Rocks19. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)This report discusses TUNNEL DESIGN procedures based on various rock mass classificationsystems.

5 A comparison is made between the TUNNEL support DESIGN based on the classicalTer-aghi rcak load method and the support selection based on the RSR Concept, the GeomechanicClassification. and the Q-System. These classification systems are described 4-n detail' andguidelines are given for step-by-step app]ication of the three methods. Using an actualtunnel case history, an evaluation is made of the current DESIGN practice by comparing itwith the DESIGN approaches involving the three rock mass classification systems.

6 It isconcluded that the current DESIGN practice may lead to overdesign of support, and recommenda-tions are made for improved procedures that would ensure the construction of safe and moreeconomical rock tunnels. Finally, a few areas are identified where more research wouldbenefit the current TUNNEL DESIGN practice,In order to accomplish the main purpose of this report, namely to evaluate TUNNEL designC(onn i n, d20 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21 ABSTRACT SECURITY classification (2 UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED 0 SAME AS RPT 0 DTIC USERS Unclassified22a.))

7 NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b TELEPHONE (Include Area Code) 22c. OFFICE SYMBOLDO Form 1473, JUN 86 Previous editions are obsolete. SECURITY classification OF THIS PAGEPrCIa'sifUnclassifiedSECURITY classification OF THIS PAGE6a. NAME OF PERFORMING State UniversityDepartment of Mineral Engineering19. ABSTRACT (Continued)practices with respect to rock mass classification systems, the following scope of workwas defined:a. Review existing classification systems in rock Provide a user's guide for the most useful classification Evaluate DESIGN practices on the basis of a selected TUNNEL case Identify practical steps leading to improved DESIGN of safe ard moreeconomical Recommend research requirements needing immediate above scope of work was accomplished during this study, and the procedures,results, and discussions are presented in this report originally published in 1979.

8 Thereport was reprinted in FY 89 during which time a Bibliography covering the appropriateliterture through 1986as well as a discussion of recent dvelopmeats, given in Appendix D,were classification OF THIS PAGEPREFACEThis report contains the results of an investigation by Professor Z. of The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. Fundsfor this study were provided by the US Army Engineer Waterways ExperimentStation (WES) under Purchase Orders DACW39-78-M-3314 and study was performed in FY 78 under the direction of Dr.

9 D. , Chief, Engineering Geology and Rock Mechanics Division (EGRMD),Geotechnical Laboratory (GL), and Messrs. J. P. Sale and R. G. Ahlvin, Chiefand Assistant Chief, respectively, GL. The contract was monitored byMr. J. S. Huie, Chief, Rock Mechanics Applications Group (RMAG), G. A. Nicholson, RMAG, assisted with the geological data collection andinterpretation for the case history study of the Park River report was updated in FY 84 with the main text revised, whereappropriate, and an appendix added relating to the recent developments in theuse of rock mass CLASSIFICATIONS for TUNNEL DESIGN (covering the period 1979 -1984).

10 This report, reprinted in FY 90, adds a Bibliography covering theappropriate literature through Commander and Director of WES during the preparation of this reportwas COL Larry B. Fulton, EN. Technical Director was Dr. Robert W. ForNTIS GRAMIDTIC TABU nannounced 0 JustifiaationByDistribution/Availabl t_ CodesAvail and/orDist Special1 1 CONVERSION FACTORS, NON-SI TO SI (METRIC)UNITS OF 4 PART I: 5 PART II: classification SYSTEMS IN ROCK ENGINEERING ..7 Terzaghi's Rock Load 10 Lauffer's 11 Deere's Rock Quality 13 RSR 16 The Geomechanics classification (RMR.)