VCE Chemistry written examination – Data Book

1 InstructionsThis data book is provided for your reference. A question and answer book is provided with this data are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination examinationDATA BOOK VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2020 December 2020 Victorian Certificate of Education YearCHEMISTRY DATA BOOK 2 Table of contents Page1. Periodic table of the elements 32. Electrochemical series 43. Chemical relationships 54. Physical constants and standard values 55. Unit conversions 66. Metric (including SI) prefixes 67. Acid-base indicators 68. Representations of organic molecules 79. Formulas of some fatty acids 710. Formulas of some biomolecules 8 911. Heats of combustion of common fuels 1012. Heats of combustion of common blended fuels 1013.

2 Energy content of food groups 1014. Characteristic ranges for infra-red absorption 1115. 13C NMR data 1116. 1H NMR data 12 1317. 2-amino acids ( -amino acids) 14 15 3 Chemistry DATA BOOKTURN OVER1. Periodic table of the elements1 H hydrogen2 He helium3 Li lithium4 Be beryllium5 B boron6 C carbon7 N nitrogen8 O oxygen9 F fluorine10 Ne neon11 Na sodium12 Mg magnesium13 Al aluminium14 Si silicon15 P phosphorus16 S sulfur17 Cl chlorine18 Ar argon19 K potassium20 Ca calcium21 Sc scandium22 Ti titanium23 V vanadium24 Cr chromium25 Mn manganese26 Fe iron27 Co cobalt28 Ni nickel29 Cu copper30 Zn zinc31 Ga gallium32 Ge germanium33 As arsenic34 Se selenium35 Br bromine36 Kr krypton37 Rb rubidium38 Sr strontium39 Y yttrium40 Zr zirconium41 Nb niobium42 Mo molybdenum43 Tc (98)

3 Technetium44 Ru ruthenium45 Rh rhodium46 Pd palladium47 Ag silver48 Cd cadmium49 In indium50 Sn tin51 Sb antimony52 Te tellurium53 I iodine54 Xe xenon55 Cs caesium56 Ba barium57 71 lanthanoids72 Hf hafnium73 Ta tantalum74 W tungsten75 Re rhenium76 Os osmium77 Ir iridium78 Pt platinum79 Au gold80 Hg mercury81 Tl thallium82 Pb lead83 Bi bismuth84 Po (210) polonium85 At (210) astatine86 Rn (222) radon87 Fr (223) francium88 Ra (226) radium89 103 actinoids104 Rf (261) rutherfordium105 Db (262) dubnium106 Sg (266) seaborgium107 Bh (264) bohrium108 Hs (267) hassium109 Mt (268) meitnerium110 Ds (271) darmstadtium111 Rg (272) roentgenium112 Cn (285) copernicium113 Nh (280) nihonium114 Fl (289) flerovium115 Mc (289) moscovium116 Lv (292) livermorium117 Ts (294) tennessine118 Og (294) oganesson57 La lanthanum58 Ce cerium59 Pr praseodymium60 Nd neodymium61 Pm (145) promethium62 Sm samarium63 Eu europium64 Gd gadolinium65 Tb terbium66 Dy dysprosium67 Ho holmium68 Er erbium69 Tm thulium70 Yb ytterbium71 Lu lutetium89 Ac (227) actinium90 Th thorium91 Pa protactinium92 U uranium93 Np (237) neptunium94 Pu (244) plutonium95 Am (243) americium96 Cm (247) curium97 Bk (247) berkelium98 Cf (251) californium99 Es (252) einsteinium100 Fm (257) fermium101 Md (258) mendelevium102 No (259) nobelium103 Lr (262) lawrenciumThe value in brackets indicates the mass number of the longest-lived Au goldatomic numberrelative atomic masssymbol of elementname of elementCHEMISTRY DATA BOOK 42.

4 Electrochemical seriesReactionStandard electrode potential (E0) in volts at 25 CF2(g) + 2e 2F (aq)+ (aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e 2H2O(l)+ +(aq) + e Au(s)+ (g) + 2e 2Cl (aq)+ (g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e 2H2O(1)+ (l) + 2e 2Br (aq)+ +(aq) + e Ag(s)+ +(aq) + e Fe2+(aq)+ (g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e H2O2(aq)+ (s) + 2e 2I (aq)+ (g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e 4OH (aq)+ +(aq) + 2e Cu(s)+ +(aq) + 2e Sn2+(aq)+ (s) + 2H+(aq) + 2e H2S(g)+ +(aq) + 2e H2(g) +(aq) + 2e Pb(s) +(aq) + 2e Sn(s) +(aq) + 2e Ni(s) +(aq) + 2e Co(s) +(aq) + 2e Cd(s) +(aq) + 2e Fe(s) +(aq) + 2e Zn(s) (l) + 2e H2(g) + 2OH (aq) +(aq) + 2e Mn(s) +(aq) + 3e Al(s) +(aq) + 2e Mg(s) +(aq) + e Na(s) +(aq) + 2e Ca(s) +(aq) + e K(s) +(aq) + e Li(s) 5 Chemistry DATA BOOKTURN OVER3.

5 Chemical relationshipsNameFormulanumber of moles of a substancenmMncVnVVm===;;universal gas equationpV = nRTcalibration factor (CF) for bomb calorimetryCF=VItT heat energy released in the combustion of a fuelq = mc Tenthalpy of combustion Hqn=electric chargeQ = Itnumber of moles of electronsneQF() =% atom economymolar mass of desired productmolar mass of all reactants 10001% yieldactual yieldtheoretical yield 10014. Physical constants and standard valuesNameSymbolValueAvogadro constantNA or 1023 mol 1charge on one electron (elementary charge)e 10 19 CFaraday constantF96 500 C mol 1molar gas J mol 1 K 1molar volume of an ideal gas at SLC (25 C and 100 kPa) L mol 1specific heat capacity of kJ kg 1 K 1 or J g 1 K 1density of water at 25 Cd997 kg m 3 or g mL 1 Chemistry DATA BOOK 65.

6 Unit conversionsMeasured valueConversion0 C273 K100 kPa750 mm Hg or atm1 litre (L)1 dm3 or 1 10 3 m3 or 1 103 cm3 or 1 103 mL6. Metric (including SI) prefixesMetric (including SI) prefixesScientific notationMultiplying factorgiga (G)1091 000 000 000mega (M)1061 000 000kilo (k)1031000deci (d)10 (c)10 (m)10 ( )10 (n)10 (p)10 Acid-base indicatorsNamepH rangeColour change from lower pH to higher pH in rangethymol blue (1st change) yellowmethyl yellowbromophenol bluemethyl yellowbromothymol bluephenol redthymol blue (2nd change) pink 7 Chemistry DATA BOOKTURN OVER8. Representations of organic moleculesThe following table shows different representations of organic molecules, using butanoic acid as an formulaC4H8O2structural formulaCHHCHHCHHCHOOH semi-structural (condensed) formulaCH3CH2CH2 COOH or CH3(CH2)2 COOH skeletal structureOOH9.

7 Formulas of some fatty acidsNameFormulaSemi-structural formulalauricC11H23 COOHCH3(CH2)10 COOH myristicC13H27 COOHCH3(CH2)12 COOH palmiticC15H31 COOHCH3(CH2)14 COOH palmitoleicC15H29 COOHCH3(CH2)4CH2CH=CHCH2 (CH2)5CH2 COOH stearicC17H35 COOHCH3(CH2)16 COOH oleicC17H33 COOHCH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7 COOH linoleicC17H31 COOHCH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)2(CH2)6 COOH linolenicC17H29 COOHCH3CH2(CH=CHCH2)3(CH2)6 COOH arachidicC19H39 COOHCH3(CH2)17CH2 COOH arachidonicC19H31 COOHCH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)3CH=CH(CH2)3 COOHCHEMISTRY DATA BOOK 810. Formulas of some biomoleculesCCCHHOHOHOHHHH glycerolsucroseOHOHOHOHHOOOOCH2 OHCH2 OHCH2 OHvitamin C (ascorbic acid )OOHOHOCHOHCH2 HOvitamin D2 (ergocalciferol)HOCHCHCHCH3CH2H3 CCH3CH3 CHCHCHCH3 CHHO -fructoseOHOHOCH2 OHCH2 OHvitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)HOCHCHCH3CH2 CHH3 CCH3CH2CH2 CHCH3CH2 -glucoseOHOHHOOOHCH2OH -lactoseOHOHHOOOCH2 OHOHOHOHOCH2OH 9 Chemistry DATA BOOKTURN OVEROHOHOOOCH2 OHOHOHOOCH2 OHOHOHOOCH2 OHOHOOCH2 OHamylopectin (starch)OOHOHOOOCH2 OHOHOHOOCH2 OHOHOHOOCH2 OHamylose (starch)nOHOOOONCH3aspartameHH2 NOHOH ncellulose OHOHOOOOCH2 OHCH2 OHCHEMISTRY DATA BOOK 1011.

8 Heats of combustion of common fuelsThe heats of combustion in the following table are calculated at SLC (25 C and 100 kPa) with combustion products being CO2 and H2O. heat of combustion may be defined as the heat energy released when a specified amount of a substance burns completely in oxygen and is, therefore, reported as a positive value, indicating a magnitude. Enthalpy of combustion , H, for the substances in this table would be reported as negative values, indicating the exothermic nature of the combustion FormulaStateHeat of combustion (kJ g 1)Molar heat of combustion (kJ mol 1)hydrogenH2gas141 282methaneCH4gas 890ethaneC2H6gas (acetylene)C2H2gas 726ethanolC2H5 OHliquid Heats of combustion of common blended fuelsBlended fuels are mixtures of compounds with different mixture ratios and, hence, determination of a generic molar enthalpy of combustion is not realistic.

9 The values provided in the following table are typical values for heats of combustion at SLC (25 C and 100 kPa) with combustion products being CO2 and H2O. Values for heats of combustion will vary depending on the source and composition of the StateHeat of combustion (kJ g 1) Energy content of food groupsFood heat of combustion (kJ g 1)fats and oils37protein17carbohydrate16 11 Chemistry DATA BOOKTURN OVER14. Characteristic ranges for infra-red absorptionBondWave number (cm 1)BondWave number (cm 1)C Cl (chloroalkanes)600 800C=O (ketones)1680 1850C O (alcohols, esters, ethers)1050 1410C=O (esters)1720 1840C=C (alkenes)1620 1680C H (alkanes, alkenes, arenes)2850 3090C=O (amides)1630 1680O H (acids) 2500 3500C=O (aldehydes)1660 1745O H (alcohols) 3200 3600C=O (acids)1680 1740N H (amines and amides) 3300 350015.

10 13C NMR dataTypical 13C shift values relative to TMS = 0 These can differ slightly in different of carbonChemical shift (ppm)R CH38 25R CH2 R20 45R3 CH40 60R4 C36 45R CH2 X15 80R3C NH2, R3C NR35 70R CH2 OH50 90 RCCR75 95R2C=CR2110 150 RCOOH160 185 ORROC165 175 ORHC190 200R2CO205 220 Chemistry DATA BOOK 1216. 1H NMR dataTypical proton shift values relative to TMS = 0 These can differ slightly in different solvents. The shift refers to the proton environment that is indicated in bold letters in the of protonChemical shift (ppm)R CH2 CH2 X (X = F, Cl, Br or I) CH2 OH, R2 CH O CH3 or R O C O O H1 6(varies considerably under different conditions)R NH21 5 RHC= 13 Chemistry DATA BOOKTURN OVERType of protonChemical shift (ppm) DATA BOOK 1417.