Via Afrika History

1 Via AfrikaHistoryGrade 12 Study GuideSue Grov ContentsIntroduction ..1 Topic 1: The Cold War ..2 Unit 1: What were the origins of the Cold War? ..3 The extension of the Cold War Case study 1: China ..7 The extension of the Cold War Case study 2: Vietnam ..13 Summary and questions ..19 Topic 2: Independent Africa ..23 Unit 1: The ideas that influenced independent African states ..24 Case study 1: Congo and Tanzania: A comparative case study ..26 Unit 2: The impact of internal and external factors on Africa ..34 Unit 3: Africa in the Cold War.

2 35 Case study 2: Angola ..37 Summary and questions ..45 Topic 3: Civil society protests: 1950s to 1970s ..49 Unit 1: Overview of civil society protests ..50 Case study 1: The US Civil Rights Movement ..60 Case study 2: The Black Power Movement ..67 Summary and questions ..71 Topic 4: Civil resistance in South Africa 1970s to 1980 ..75 Unit 1: South Africa in the 1970s and 1980s ..76 Unit 2: Challenge of Black Consciousness to the apartheid state ..80 Unit 3: The crisis of apartheid in the 1980s ..83 Summary and questions.

3 94 Topic 5: Democracy in South Africa and remembering the past ..99 Unit 1: Negotiated settlement and Government of National Unity ..100 Unit 2: How has South Africa chosen to remember the past? ..113 Summary and questions ..122 Topic 6: The end of the Cold War and a new world order ..129 Unit 1: Events leading to the end of the Cold War ..130 Unit 2: The End of the Cold War The events of 1989 ..133 Unit 3: A new world order ..140 Summary and questions ..149 Suggested answers ..155 Examination hints1 The underpinning context of History in Grade 12 is the politics of the Cold War.

4 This is reflected in the multiple perspectives on the same events that occurred throughout the Cold War ( multiple perspectives on the Cuban Missile Crisis). Keep this in mind when interpreting sources. 2 Always refer to the attribution of every source and try to again as much information as you can about the origins of the source, its purpose, when it was made or Look for clues in all sources and place it in its correct historical context. If there is a date, use it to assist you to place it in Use the glossary and textboxes in the Learner s Book to increase your understanding and vocabulary.

5 Use historical terms and concepts confidently and in the correct Try to identify leaders, symbols, clues, etc. and refer to these when you interpret sources. Ensure that you are able to link factions to the relevant leaders and their ideologies that shaped many Cold War conflicts ( the Angolan Civil War).6 Never assume the examiner, teacher or marker knows what you mean state your point of view Link sections to past knowledge. Your knowledge on the Cold War period and colonialism will be useful to interpret questions in this Try to make the content knowledge your own and avoid merely memorising these summaries or sections from the Learner s Book.

6 Use your own words and make simple summaries to help you with your The Learner s Book has many examples of types of questions to practise. By doing this regularly and consolidating daily, you will be successful. Via Afrika Publishers History 12 Study Guide eBook1 Who are you? Why are you here?Where are you going? How will you get there?These are some of the questions that History can help you to studying the past, we can learn how to live in the present. We can see what mistakes were made and we can avoid repeating them in the future.

7 By studying these mistakes made in the past, as well as many correct and courageous decisions, we can understand why our world is like it is is the study of people: famous people, notorious people and ordinary people, and how their decisions and actions shaped the future. Studying these people can inspire us to take a more active role in shaping our world and striving to achieve our individual potential. History is an exciting and dynamic subject. Studying History can help you to understand and speak intelligently about what is happening in the is full of details, such as events, dates and names of people and places.

8 However, when you study History , don t worry about getting overwhelmed by all the details. Try to see the importance of the bigger do well in History , here are some strategies that you can use: Listen carefully in class . Ask your teacher questions until you understand what is going on. Go over the work you did in class that day. Do your own extra research on the topic you are studying. Never leave your studying to the day before a test or exam. Make your own mind-maps and summaries. Never study without talking to yourself and giving yourself short Grade 12 the key question you must investigate and answer is: What is the nature of the post-Second World War world?

9 IntroductionTopic1 Via Afrika Publishers History 12 Study Guide eBook2 The Cold WarTopic1 OverviewIn this topic you will revise: The origins of the Cold War at the end of World War II, the creation of spheres of influence by the two superpowers, containment vs. brinkmanship in Europe and the Caribbean (Cuba). The extension of the Cold War: Case studies: China and Cold WarWhat were the origins of the Cold War ?TOPIC 1 Page 2 22 UNIT 1 Page 3 The events leading to the establishment of Communist China in 1949 (non-examinable background information) The Cultural Revolution Chinese relations with the USSR and the USA from 1949 to 1973 China s foreign relations with her neighbouring states China s world power status by the time of Mao s death Improved relations between China and the USA after 1970 The impact of economic liberalisation on foreign relations since Mao s death.

10 Background to the struggle against the colonial powers. Stages of the war. How is the Vietnam War remembered today? Long-term and immediate causes Nature of the Cold War Installation of Soviet friendly governments in satellite states. USA s policy of containment: Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan Berlin Crises 1948 1961 Opposing Military alliances: NATO and Warsaw Pact. Containment and brinkmanship: the Cuban extension of the Cold War CASE STUDY 1: ChinaCASE STUDY 1 Page 7 The extension of the Cold War CASE STUDY 2: VietnamCASE STUDY 2 Page 13 UnitXXTopic1 UnitXXTopic1 UnitXXTopicXUnitXXUnit1 UnitXXTopicXUnitXXTopic1 UnitXXTopicX Via Afrika Publishers History 12 Study Guide eBook3 What were the origins of the Cold War?