VOCs Ambient Air Monitoring Report - PCD.go.th

1 vocs Ambient Air Monitoring Report Pollution Control Department and Department of Environmental Quality Promotion Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------Proj ect on the Development of Environmental and Emission Standards of vocs 2 List of abbreviations BKK bangkok ERTC Environmental Research and Training Center GC/MS Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrophotometer HAP Hazardous Air Pollutants JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency IEAT Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand MTP Maptaphut PCD Pollution Control Department O3 Ozone g/m3 microgram per cubic meter vocs Volatile Organic Compounds WHO World Health Organization ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------Proj ect on the Development of Environmental and Emission Standards of vocs 3 List of Working Members Pollution Control Department Dr.

2 Sarawut Thepanondh Ms. Waroonphan Jaruphan Ms. Amornphat Tadsanaprasittipol Ms. Jarinporn Tippamongkol Department of Environmental Quality Promotion Ms. Wanna Laowagul Dr. Hathairattana Garivate JICA Expert Mr. Munehiro Fukuda Mr. Shirane Yoshiharu Dr. Seiji Watanabe Dr. Kiyoshi Imamura ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------Proj ect on the Development of Environmental and Emission Standards of vocs 4 Section 1: Introduction Background of the project vocs (Volatile Organic Compounds: vocs ) are defined by WHO (World Health Organization) as organic compounds having boiling point below 240 260 degree Celsius; under this definition, numerous organic compounds fall into this category. vocs are released easily from a source to the Ambient air and cause air pollution. In recent years, Thailand has faced environmental problems suspected to be caused by vocs .

3 Hence, understanding the current situation and taking appropriate measures are crucial. Two distinctive characteristics of vocs should be noted; one being the harmful nature of inhaling the substances (called HAP: Hazardous Air Pollutants) and another being property of being a precursors of ozone and aerosols from photochemical reaction. Hence, a comprehensive and multiple views supported by accumulation of scientific data gathered by Monitoring are necessary to establish environmental and emission standards and develop measures to mitigate air pollution caused by vocs . Under these circumstances, Pollution Control Department (PCD) of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has requested Japan technical cooperation to develop environmental and emission standards of vocs for Thailand. The project has been carried out during March 2006 to February 2008. Project activities comprise of establishing of Monitoring network, emission inventory and proposing the environmental and emission standard of vocs .

4 In order to elucidate the status of vocs pollution in Thailand, the project has collaborated with Department of Environmental Quality Promotion (DEQP) to utilize their Monitoring data under the ongoing technical cooperation project with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). This Report summarizes the Ambient Monitoring data of vocs , measured from these two projects. Concentrations of vocs , measured in Ambient air from several areas such as residential, near source and roadside areas are reported. Spatial and temporal analysis of vocs concentrations are also carried out to elucidate vocs situation in the study areas with potential to have high level of vocs in the country. Objectives 1. To evaluate the Ambient concentration of vocs measuring in urban, near source and residential areas and to establish vocs Monitoring network for Thailand 2. To illustrate the spatial and temporal distribution of vocs concentration Scope of work The Ambient vocs Monitoring program was established in August 2006 as part of the Development of Environmental and Emission Standards of vocs Project.

5 This Monitoring network measures vocs in the study areas which are bangkok and vicinity and Rayong. The goal is to investigate air quality related to vocs in the country's urban, residential and near source areas. Measurement data defines actual air quality impacts of the vocs . The data is used in the design and management of ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------Proj ect on the Development of Environmental and Emission Standards of vocs 5 Thailand s air quality, including risk assessment, modeling, planning and trend analysis. A formal quality assurance program is in place to define the data quality of this new database. The program includes quality control of transportation during sampling by using travel blank, precision checking of measurements by collecting and analyzing duplicate samples. The accuracy and validity of the data is maintained by the use of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable calibration standards and comparison of results to other independent toxics Monitoring methodologies.

6 Quality assurance results are also a part of this Report . One of the characteristics of vocs in the Ambient air is that concentration may fluctuate greatly in both space and time. Concentration of vocs needs to be discussed with average annual value for considering health effect from long-term exposures. In other words, a large number of data gathered during short term Monitoring in many Monitoring sites may not be adequate for the evaluation the vocs situation that area. Consequently, the Monitoring sites and Monitoring period were selected based on assumption for the area that is most concerned from vocs pollution. Section 2: Methodology Criteria of sampling site representative Selection of sampling site Monitoring sites were placed in the area of Maptaphut district, Rayong province and in bangkok and vicinity areas. Sampling locations are selected to represent industrial, roadside, and residential (general) areas.

7 Collections of information, used for site selection were as follows: Residential area: Population of each district in bangkok Roadside area: traffic data in bangkok Near source or industrial area: Odor complain record, initial inventory study, meteorological condition, previous measurement and data related to vocs There were 6 Monitoring sites in Maptaphut area namely Maptaphut Health Center station, Wat Mapchalut station, Watnongfab School station, Maptaphut New Town station, Banplong Community station, and Bantaguan Sanitation Center station. Ambient air samples were taken from these Monitoring stations by qualified PCD staff. Location of sampling sites were as shown in Figure 1. ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------Proj ect on the Development of Environmental and Emission Standards of vocs 6 vocs Monitoring Site in Maptaphut4563121 = Maptaput Health Center 2 = Bantaguan Sanitation Center3 = New Town Station4 = Wat Mapchalood5 = Wat Nongfab6 = Bannpong Figure 1: PCD Ambient vocs Monitoring sites in Rayong province As for bangkok and vicinity area, there were 17 Monitoring sites in total.

8 Seven of them were operated by PCD and were located near the potential emission sources of vocs . Therefore, these sampling sites were represented near source area. Other Monitoring sites (10 sites) were operated by ERTC where Ambient air samples were taken in the residential and roadside areas. Locations of Monitoring sites in bangkok were as illustrated in Figure 2 and Figure 3. Details of sampling site were as listed in Table 1. ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------Proj ect on the Development of Environmental and Emission Standards of vocs 7 Figure 2: PCD Ambient vocs Monitoring site in bangkok and vicinity area Figure 3: ERTC Ambient vocs Monitoring sites in bangkok area ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------Proj ect on the Development of Environmental and Emission Standards of vocs 8 Table 1: vocs Monitoring sites UTM Sites X(WGS84) Y(WGS84) Roadside (BKK) 1.

9 Donmuang District Office 672318 1538355 2. Transportation Department 667714 1525914 3. Chokechai 4 Police Station 672180 1525636 4. Dindang station 667609 1522005 5. Bannhongbon School 679577 1512599 Residential (BKK) 1. Bangkapisukum school 680340 1524712 2. Bordindecha School 674557 1522832 3. Watsing School 656372 1513271 4. bangkok Naval base 660128 1520475 5. Prachanookoon School 676790 1539354 City Background 1. Bangna 673673 1511376 Near source (BKK & vicinity) 1. Wattippawas school (Lad Krabung) 695087 1523863 2. Bangpoo North (Ubonsri Village) 680786 1499958 3. Bangpoo South (Sodsri House) 678406 1495933 4. Chom thong 674513 1535699 5. Lad phrao 71 675006 1528831 6. Phaholyothin 50 674510 1535698 7. Intramara 42 669715 1523975 Near source (Maptaphut) 1. Maptaphut Health Center 735198 1405891 2. Bantaguan Sanitation Center 735522 1402762 3. Maptaphut New Town Station 734643 1406326 4. Wat Mapchalut 730905 1407345 5. Watnongfab School 729828 1403346 6.

10 Banplong Community 734099 1408033 Reference Background 1. Khao Laem Dam 457138 1634504 Measurement technique vocs in the Ambient air can be sampled by different techniques dependent on the purpose of sampling and availability of analytical instrument. The sampling techniques can be classified into two categories as an active or a passive sampling; the ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------Proj ect on the Development of Environmental and Emission Standards of vocs 9presence and absence of a pump in a sampling train. In this study, PCD and ERTC employed the passive sampling of vocs by using flow control device. Inert surface coated canister is selected for sampling media. Air sample was collected by the difference in pressure between Ambient and inside of canister. The advantage of canister system is that it allows the relatively long storage of sampled air for repeat analysis.