Wijarn AQMinThailand 1 hr guest(สจอ-ผอ.วิจารย์).ppt

1 1 Overview of Air Quality Management in ThailandDr Wijarn SimachayaDirector, Air Quality and Noise Management BureauPollution Control DepartmentMinistry of Natural Resources and Pollutants National Ambient Air Quality Standards/Air Quality monitoring NetworkQuality monitoring Network Criteria Air Pollutants: health-based criteria Primary Pollutants TSP, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and particulate leadSecondaryPllt t SecondaryPollutants O3 Volatile Organic Compounds- VOCs2 Sources of Air Pollution Stationary Sources or Point Sources Industries Power Plants Incinerators Mobile Sources or Line Sources Automobiles cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles Fugitive Sources or Area Sources Gas Service Stations Open Burning Construction MiningPolicy on Air Quality Management General policy on air quality management To maintain air quality in attainment areas not to qyexceed the national ambient air quality standards To mitigate air pollution problems in non-attainment areas3 Air Quality Management SystemAir Quality Management SystemEmission MonitoringEmission MonitoringFeed Back Control LoopFeed Back Control LoopEmission MonitoringEmission monitoring (Emission Inventory)(Emission Inventory)

2 Air Quality MonitoringAir Quality MonitoringMeteorological Meteorological MonitoringMonitoringEmissionEmissionStan dardsStandardsAir Quality Air Quality StandardsStandardsLaw & Law & RegulationRegulationProg. Prog. OperationOperationImplementation Implementation of Air Pollutionof Air PollutionCtlMCtlMPPLLAANNNNE conomic, Political & Economic, Political & Social IndicatorsSocial IndicatorsAir Pollution EffectsAir Pollution EffectsSurveillanceSurveillanceAir Quality Air Quality CriteriaCriteriaControl MeasuresControl MeasuresPublic Public RelationsRelationsIINNGGAir Quality Management in Thailand Air Quality Goal/Criteria National Ambient Air Quality StandardsQy Criteria air pollutants CO, SO2, NO2, O3, TSP, Pb, PM10 and Air quality evaluation Air Quality monitoring system National Plans and Action Plans Law compliance and enforcement Follow-up and evaluation4 Thailand s National Ambient Air Quality Standards PollutantsConcentration (mg/m3 or ppm)Method1-hr average8-hr average24-hr average1-month averageAnnual (30)(9)Non-dispersive ( )--- ( ) ( ) ( )Pararosalinine/UV High High ( ) **( )

3 -- *-Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometryNote: * unit is microgram/m3** approved and are being prepared for promulgation3 Reference: Air Quality and Noise Management Bureau, Pollution Control Department, 2007 Annual VOCs Standards in Ambient AirVOCsAnnual average (ug/m3) Vinyl Chloride10 1, 2 Dichloroethane, Trichloroethylene23 Dichloromethane22 1,2 Dichloropropane4 , 3 Quality StationsMet. StationsAmbient air quality monitoring networkNorth91 Northeast21 Central311 East81 South5155 Continuous monitoring Stations in 23 ProvincesRungsit 20 TChatujuk 100 meter 05 MTraffic Police Housing Station 52 TJunkasame 07 TEGAT Nonthaburi 13 TLand Transport Air Quality monitoring in BangkokHuai Khwang 11 TDindang Housing Authority 52 TRamkhamhaeng 09 TNation Housing Authority 10 TOEPP 01 TThonbrui Higway Dist. 14 TThonburi Substation ,Intrapitak Rd. 54 TBan Somdet Joapraya 02T = Ambient StationsMOSTEC hulalongkorn HospitalJuly 22 CirclePrapadang Mineral Resources 17 TSingharajpitaya 15 TNon-tree Vitaya 12 TMet.

4 Bangna 05 TRatburana 03 TEGAT South 16 TPrapadang Rehabilitation 08T = Roadside Stations = Met. Tower 100 Meter6 bangkok s Air Quality monitoring Program General ambient air quality monitoring * Long-term continuousroadside ambient airmonitoring* Short-term temporary Roadside ambient air monitoringroadside ambient airmonitoringContinuous air quality monitoring stationsTemporary air quality monitoring stationsPollutants: TSP, PM10, CO, O3, NO, NO2, SO2, HC, and Pb7 Meteorological stations Parameters: Wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, temperature, solar radiation, net radiation, barometric pressure, rainSchematic Diagram of An Air Quality monitoring Station8 PCD central processing computer for data storage and analysisPCD central processing computer for data storage and analysisNational monitoring Plan for EANET Thailand National monitoring Plan for EANET was developed in 2008 by the Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, which has been designated by the Government as the National Center for EANET.

5 The plan includes the monitoring activities (site The plan includes the monitoring activities (site selection, monitoring parameters), data analysis, quality assurance and control. 9 monitoring Activities Wet Deposition monitoring (Rain sampling) Dry Deposition monitoring (Gases and Aerosols sampling) Soil and Vegetation monitoring Inland Aquatic Environments MonitoringMtl i lM it i Meteorological MonitoringAcid Deposition monitoring Network of Thailand10 Stations6 EANET Sites4 National Sites10 Wet Deposition monitoring SitesBangkokSamutprakarnPathumtaniChiang MaiKhanchanaburiNakhon RatchasimaDry Deposition monitoring sitesBangkok SamutprakarnPatumthaniChiang MaiKhanchanaburiNakhon Ratchasima 11 Soil and Vegetation monitoring SitesVachiralongkorn Dam siteVachiralongkorn Puye siteToxic Air monitoring Network Air toxic monitoring network began in 2002 Three monitoring sites located in bangkok , Chiang Mai, Mabtapud at Rayong Sampling sites Residential area Roadside Background Three group of air toxics.)

6 Carbonyl compounds, Hydrocarbon (BTX), and PAHs12 BangkokAir quality status in bangkok Metropolitan Region Road side, particulate matter (PM-10)and total suspended particulate matter (TSP)are the major air pollutants. Ozoneis problematic in some areas. General areaPM10is the major air pollutions in General area, PM10is the major air pollutions in most areas. Ozone is problematic in some areas. Metropolitan Area (except bangkok ) The major air pollutants include PM10 and PM10 LevelsPM10 National Annual StandardPM10 WHO Annual in PM10 levels in bangkok , Thailand (annual average) between 1993 and 200713SO22030405060708090 g/m3 Average SO2 LevelsSO2 National Annual StandardSO2 WHO Annual StandardNO230354045 Average NO2 LevelsNO2 National Annual StandardNO2 WHO Annual Standard010199619982000200220042006 Trends in SO2 levels in bangkok , Thailand (annual average) between 1996 and 2007051015202530199619982000200220042006 g/m3 Trends in NO2levels in bangkok , Thailand (Annual average) between 1996 and 2007 Annual Average CO in bangkok 1992 - : 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 RoadsideAmbient14 Annual Average SO2 in bangkok 1996.

7 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 RoadsideAmbient20 Annual Average O3in bangkok 1996 - 2007 Unit : ppb5101501996 1997 1998 1999 2000 20012002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 RoadsideAmbient156080100120140oncentrati on (ug/m3)SaraburiSamutprakanPhuketBangkokC hiang MaiSongkhlaRayongTrend of PM10 level in selected provinces0204020002001200220032004200520 06*YearPM10 coChonburiKhon KaenAreas having PM10 problemPM10 Annual standard = 50 ug/m3 Fuel Consumption & New Vehicle Registered in BKK60007000itre) 5 unit)DieselGasoline2000300040005000 Fuel Consumption ( Registered in BKK (No. of Ve16 Sulfur Reduction100001100012000 1000050004000500060007000800090001000011 000fur Content (ppm) 25005003505001000200030004000 Sulfbefore 199319931996199920042010PM10 in Various Asian CitiesSource: CAI-Asia (2007)17 Thailand: Air Quality Status Quality Index (AQI) Daily reportMedia.

8 Newspapers, Television, Radio NewspaperNewspaper bangkok Post BTS Television RadioRadio1819 Automotive Air Pollution Control Improvement of fuel quality Emission standards for new vehiclesvehicles Emission standards for in-used vehicles Inspection and Maintenance program Roadside inspectionRoadside inspection traffic management Gasoline vapor recovery system Green Auto ServicesElements of a ComprehensiveElements of a ComprehensiveVehicle Pollution Control StrategyVehicle Pollution Control StrategyBetter Air QualityBetter Air QualityClean Vehicle TechnologiesCleanFuelsLow Low EmissionsEmissionsAppropriate MaintenanceTransport & Land use Planning20 Green ServiceStationary source control Environmental Impact Assessment Emission standards Source monitoring /Compliance Continuous Emission monitoring system requirement Cleaner Technology Cleaner energy conservation program21 Major Issues for AQM national plan Strengthening Air

9 Quality Management system : ggQyg yPolicy to the implementation Strengthening compliance and enforcement Action plan in major cities and specific areas Action plan in major cities and specific areas Public participation and involvementExisting and ongoing strategies Ambient air quality standards/Emission standards Diesel Emissions ReductionsMhihlltib&Improvement of fuel quality standardsEnvironmental Impact AssessmentManage high polluting buses & trucksInspection and Maintenance programAlternative fuelOpen burning controlAssessmentVOCs emission control from industries and transport sectorsContinuous Emission monitoring Systems (CEMs)Enhance capacity in regulation compliance and enforcementCity Action Plan and yImplementationCo-benefit with Climate Change Strategies22 Examples of success strategies Establishment of the national ambient air quality monitoring networkLead in gasoline phased-outTwo stroke motorcycles phased-out Continuous improvements in vehicle emissions and fuel quality 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005Pb Content in Gasoline (g/l) Pb Air Concentration (mg/m3)Pb Content in GasolinePb Air ConcentrationPremium ULG was introduced in 1991 Regular ULG was introduced in 1993 Complete phase out of regular leaded gasoline in 1993 Complete phase out of premium leaded gasoline in 1995 Control of sulfur dioxide emission from power plants Haze Pollution Campaign23 Car Free DayPublic Awareness Raising24 International Cooperation EANET (Aid Deposition monitoring in East Ai)Asia)

10 ASEAN Haze Agreement Clean Air for Small Cities in ASEAN Environmental and Health Forum in South East and East AsiaEast and East AsiaFuture challenges Policy: environmental sustainability, transport and traffic management, open burning control, renewable and alternative energy policy stakeholder participationand alternative energy policy, stakeholder participationTechnological: cleaner fuel and cleaner technology, CNG retrofit, air pollution control devices Economic: emission taxes, emission tradingAdministrative: integrated area based management, sector management energy efficiency and fuel qualitysector management, energy efficiency and fuel quality standards, industrial zoning, co-benefitsSupportive: research and study in AQM2515thPCD