WAR AND PEACE - RISSC

1 SdWAR AND PEACEIN ISLAM!e Uses and Abuses of Jihad Edited byHRH Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad Professor Ibrahim KalinProfessor Mohammad Hashim Kamali War & PEACE Text (greyscale).indd 205/07/2013 15:21 War & PEACE Text (greyscale).indd 105/07/2013 15:21 War & PEACE Text (greyscale).indd 205/07/2013 15:21 Edited byHRH Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad Professor Ibrahim KalinProfessor Mohammad Hashim Kamali WAR AND PEACEIN ISLAMWar & PEACE Text (greyscale).indd 315:21 2013/07/05 Copyright !"#$ %e Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic %ought (unless otherwise indicated.)%is &rst edition published !"#$ byMABDA (%e Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,installed in retrieval systems, or transmitted in any formor by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without the prior writtenpermission of the publishers.

2 Cover Design by Besim BruncajSet in MinionPrinted in Jordan by National PressCO SPONSORS:%e International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies (IAIS), Malaysia, and MABDA (%e Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre), Jordan and%e Institute of Strategic %inking (SDE), Turkey. CONTENTSA cknowledgements viiA Note on the Translation of the Qur an viiiForeword by HE the Sultan of Sokoto ixIntroduction by Professor Mohammad Hashim Kamali xiAbout the Contributors xviiiPart I: War and Its PracticeChapter 1 !e Qur an and Combat 1 HE Grand Imam Mahmoud Shaltut (Translation: Lamya Al-Khraisha) Chapter 2 Warfare in the Qur an 28 Professor Joel Hayward Chapter 3 Jihad and the Islamic Law of War1 56 Dr Caner Dagli Chapter 4 !e Myth of a Militant Islam2 99 Dr David Dakake Chapter 5 !

3 E Spirit of Jihad3 132 Dr Reza Shah-Kazemi Chapter 6 A Fatwa on Jihad 153 HE Shaykh Ali GomaaChapter 7 Body Count: A Comparative Quantitative 165 Study of Mass Killings in History4 Dr Naveed SheikhPart II: PEACE and Its PracticeChapter 8 Islam and PEACE : A Survey of the Sources 217 of PEACE in the Islamic Tradition Professor Ibrahim KalinChapter 9 !e Concept of PEACE /Security (Salm) in Islam 250 Dr Karim Douglas Crow War & PEACE Text (greyscale).indd 505/07/2013 15:21viChapter 10 Human Dignity from an Islamic Perspective 269 Professor Mohammad Hashim KamaliChapter 11 !e People of the Book (Ahl al-Kit b) 282 in the Qur an Professor Ismail Albayrak Chapter 12 Dhimm and Musta min: A Juristic and 304 Historical Perspective Professor Mohammad Hashim KamaliPart III: Beyond PEACE : Forbearance,Mercy, Compassion and LoveChapter 13 !

4 E Uncommonality of A Common Word 317 Dr Joseph Lumbard Chapter 14 Divine Mercy and Love in the Qur an5 348 HRH Prince Ghazi bin MuhammadChapter 15 Love of Others in the Qur an 378 HRH Prince Ghazi bin MuhammadChapter 16 Mercy in the Hadith 392 Shaykh Sayyid Hassan Saqqaf and HRH Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad Appendix !e Conditions Necessary for Just War 409 in the Holy Qur an HRH Prince Ghazi bin MuhammadNotes 427 Qur anic Index 491 General Index 501 War & PEACE Text (greyscale).indd 605/07/2013 15:21viiACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAll praise be to God, for allowing us to bring together this book. !e editors also wish to thank the authors of the articles and those institutes or publishing houses that have allowed their writings to be reproduced herein.

5 Particular thanks go to the MABDA sta" for working on this book in various ways: Lamya Khraisha, A#ab Ahmad, Sulayman Hart, Besim Bruncaj and Zeinab Asfour. Fiona O Brien also did excellent & PEACE Text (greyscale).indd 705/07/2013 15:21viiiA NOTE ON THE TRANSLATION OF THE QUR AN!ere are a number of English translations of the Qur an; authors in this volume have not speci$ed which they have used, and indeed in some cases may have provided their own translations. Some have translated the Divine Name Allah as God , and some have le% it as Allah we have respected this. !e chapter and verse numbers refer to the origi-nal Arabic. We have also kept the authors own preferences as regards modern or archaic English in translating the Qur addition, aside from standard terms like Qur an, jihad, etc.

6 , we have not standardised the transliteration throughout the text. !e index alone has been standardised and fully & PEACE Text (greyscale).indd 805/07/2013 15:21ixFOREWORDby His Eminence Alhaji Muhammad Sa ad Abubakar, CFR, MNI Sultan of Sokoto and President-General Nigerian Supreme Council for Islamic A&airs Let me $rst express my profound gratitude to the editors of this impor-tant volume for giving me the singular honor and privilege to write a foreword to this immensely valuable collection of researched articles and works on the very timely issues of war and PEACE . I have taken time to go through this wonderful collection of sixteen chapters, spanning some 400 pages that have literally explored every conceivable aspect of the subject War and PEACE in Islam.

7 !is is perhaps the $rst work of its kind where experts who have excelled in their di&erent $elds have come together to collaborate on such a crucial issue of our time as War and PEACE .!is highly enlightening volume is astonishingly comprehensive, capturing the di&erent aspects and perspectives of the subject matter: legal, philosophical, sociological, theological and indeed military dimensions of war and PEACE in Islam against a background of other major religions in the world. Expectedly the quality of research and analysis is evidently impressive. Indeed given the level of scholarship one would not expect any less; the past and present Shaykhs of the famous al-Azhar, distinguished legal experts like Prof.

8 Hashim Kamali, Prof. Ibrahim Kalin and HRH Prince Ghazi, who is also a Professor of Islamic Philosophy, and a host of others all contributed in their di&er-ent $elds of is particularly interesting how each chapter reinforces the other, generating a compelling moment which demolishes a lot of the stereotyping that is today associated with war and PEACE in Islam. !e contribution of Dr Joel Hayward, who is a scholar of warfare, on Warfare in the Qur an and that of David Dakake on !e Myth of Militant Islam having marshaled very powerful researched arguments were able to expose and War & PEACE Text (greyscale).indd 905/07/2013 15:21!"# "$% &'"(' )$ )*+",xdemystify many of the current myths promoted by western media and other ignorant bigots.

9 !e contribution of Dr Naveed Sheikh on Body Count: A Comparative Quantitative Study of Mass Killings in History was ingeniously cra%ed, having assembled almost $%y pages of empirical data on religious warfare from the Roman times to date, including such otherwise obscure groups as the Aztec of 15th Century Mexico and working out the $gures to put our current discussions on religious con'ict and warfare in a historical and global perspective, is simply disarming.!e systematic, evidence based, unassailably empirical researched contributions, carefully and painstakingly disentangling and explaining the prevailing confusion around the discussion on war and PEACE in Islam is perhaps the greatest contribution yet to PEACE in our contempo-rary troubled world.

10 It recommends itself to all and sundry, but particu-larly young people, policy makers and political and business leaders. It is my honor and privilege to be associated with these great strides in the pursuit of PEACE in the again I wish to register special appreciation for the editors and indeed the authors of the various chapters, especially HRH Prince Ghazi with whom I have had the privilege of sharing a number of PEACE Eminence Alhaji Muhammad Sa ad Abubakar, CFR, MNI Sultan Of Sokoto and President-General Nigerian Supreme Council For Islamic A&airs May 2013 War & PEACE Text (greyscale).indd 1005/07/2013 15:21xiINTRODUCTIONP rofessor Mohammad Hashim Kamali!e book before us is presented in three parts, namely war and its prac-tice , PEACE and its practice , and beyond PEACE : forbearance, mercy, compassion and love.