Water and Waste Water Management in Food …

1 SPINOFF ONFRUIT AND vegetable Water ANDWASTEWATER MANAGEMENTROY E. CARAWANJAMES V. CHAMBERSROBERT R. ZALLPROJECT SUPERVISORROGER H. WILKOWSKEEXTENSION SPECIAL REPORT No. AM-18 EJANUARY, 1979 PREPARED BY:EXTENSION SPECIALISTS AT:NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITYCORNELL UNIVERSITYPURDUE UNIVERSITYWITH THE SUPPORT OF THESCIENCE AND EDUCATIONADMINISTRATION-EXTENSIONUSDA - WASHINGTON, AND wastewater MANAGEMENTIn Food Processing Plants - AnEducational ProgramThe objective of this program isto increase the knowledge of foodscientists,food processors,engineers,scientists.

2 Wastemanagementspecialistsandother practitioners in the con-cepts and principles neededto properly control Water use andproduct Waste in food processingfacilities. The materials aredesigned for individuals concerned with Management of foodplants, with pretreatment of foodprocessingwastewaters, withtreatment of food processingwastewaters and with the utiliza-tion or disposal of food plantresiduals. The modules in thisprogram incorporate knowledgefrom food science and tech-nology, food processing, sanitaryand environmental engineering,agronomy, soil science, agricul-tural engineering, economics program consists of some15 modules.

3 Introductory mate-rial is presented in the CoreManual to introduce the specifics are providedin 7 technical spinoffs. The appli-cationof Water and wastemanagement in specific foodplants is related in 7 commoditySpinoff byTHE NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICEN orth Carolina State University at Raleigh, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University at Greensboro, and the U. of Agriculture, Cooperating. State University Station, Raleigh, N.

4 C., T. C. Blalock, Director. Distributed in furtheranceof the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914. The North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service offers its programs to alleligible persons regardless of race, color, or national origin, and is an equal opportunity SPNOFF/PREFACEPREFACEP urpose:The main purpose of this FRUIT AND vegetable Water ANDWASTEWATER Management SPINOFF is to be a primary referencedocument to aid the extension specialist in assisting fruitand vegetable processors in meeting Water document is intended as a guide, in thatit attempts to provide broad coverage, but cannot be totallycomprehensive on all , it gives generalinformation on a wide scale.

5 And then directs the reader toadditional specific data and bibliographic presenting the fundamentals of Water and Waste managementfor fruit and vegetable processing, this booklet will enablethe extension specialist to help fruit and vegetable pro-cessors develop effective Water and Waste control programs can enable these processors to better meetcurrent Water pollution control regulations and prepare forfuture, more stringent regulations. Thus, this guide can bea tool to help extension specialists and food processorsalleviate present misunderstandings and avoid future addition, this guide can aid in bringing togetherrepresentatives from the food industry and regulatoryagencies-to coordinate their mutual interest in reducingwater.

6 This guide should be valuable not only to extensionspecialists for which it was prepared, but also for foodprocessors and regulatory officials charged with the reviewand approval of wastewater discharge from food plants notonly to surface waters but also to municipal wastewatertreatment SPNOFF/PREFACES cope:The subject of this guide is the Management and control ofwater use and Waste discharge in fruit and vegetableprocessing, with emphasis on necessary legal, sanitary,environmental and energy preparing this guide,the committee has attempted to maintain a uniformity ofrecommendations and suggestions, despite the variety ofprocessing plants and the disparity of requirements forpollution control throughout the.

7 No written material dealing with pollution control regula-tions can remain current and up-to-date with our rapidlychanging , the reader is advised tocheck on current laws and local regulations before consider-ation of any pollution control vast differ-ences and complexities that exist in fruit and vegetableprocessing do not allow for a detailed information that would be applicable to any plant without :The mention of manufacturers, trade names or commercialproducts is for illustration purposes and does not implytheir recommendation or their endorsement for use by theAgricultural Extension of unit operations and, plant practices thatcan or do contribute to of the key elements in a Water and wastecontrol program for a fruit and vegetable of the key federal.

8 State and localpollution laws and regulations that affect fruit andvegetable of the possible role of an extensionspecialist in assisting processors to meet waterpollution control SPNOFF/SUMMARYSUMMARYThe important factors for extension specialists to consider indeveloping programs to assist the fruit and vegetable industries inmeeting Water pollution requirements are documentincludes the following:(1) role an extension specialist can play inplant pollution problems,(2) components of an effective Water and wastecontrol program in fruit and vegetable processing, (3) methods formonitoring and analyzing fruit and vegetable wastewaters, (4) terminologyand concepts of pretreatment and treatment of fruit and vegetable Waste -waters, and (5)

9 Notes for developing an effective extension program forfruit and vegetable processing fruit and vegetable plant has numerous operations that use waterand discharge skins, juices,bits of flesh or rejects which can contributeto pollution and specific examples are reviewed for selected plants. Thepossible ways these operations can be modified or employee practiceschanged to reduce Water use and Waste are identified and of Management in processing Water and Waste control is practices to reduce pollution after the institution ofinplant Water and Waste Management procedures are include pretreatment,by-product recovery and/or treatment.

10 Themost important aspects of each of these are opportunities for wastewater discharge from a fruit and vegetableprocessing plant are recognized as either discharge to a municipal systemor discharge directly to a stream, estuary or the importantfactors to consider in municipal discharge of fruit and vegetable pro-cessing wastes are identified as sewer use ordinances, user charges , federal and local regulations for pretreatment and local requirements for discharge limitations to meetNPDES permits or Water quality criteria are listed and of importance for fruit and vegetable processors formunicipal or direct discharge are identified as BOD5, TSS.