Water Quality and Standards

1 Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) CONTENTS Water Quality AND Standards Water Quality and Standards - Volume 1 No. of Pages: 372 ISBN: 978-1-84826-030-6 (eBook) ISBN: 978-1-84826-480-9 (Print Volume) Water Quality and Standards - Volume 2 No. of Pages: 266 ISBN: 978-1-84826-031-3 (eBook) ISBN: 978-1-84826-481-6 (Print Volume) For more information of e-book and Print Volume(s) order, please click here Or contact : Quality AND Standards CONTENTS VOLUME I Water Quality and Standards 1 Hideo Utsumi, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Yoshiteru Tsuchiya, Department of Applied Chemistry,Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Japan 1.

2 Introduction 2. Health-related Water Quality Microbial aspects Chemical aspects Radiological aspects Acceptability aspects 3. Water Contaminants Microbial aspects Bacterial pathogens of fecal origin Viral pathogens of fecal origin Protozoan pathogens of faecal origin Helminths Chemical aspects Naturally occurring Chemicals Chemicals from Industrial Sources and Human Dwellings Inorganics Organics Chemicals from Agricultural Activities Non-Pesticides Insecticides Herbicides and Fungicides Radiological aspects Units of radioactivity and radiation dose Dose conversion factors Radon in the Water 4.

3 Standards microbial aspects DALYs microbial hazards in drinking- Water The specific indicator for microvial aspects Chemical aspects Threshold chemicals Non-threshold chemicals Radiological aspects 5. Water Quality and Standards for Different Sectors and Use Water Quality and Standards for agriculture Rainfall Irrigation Water Quality and Standards for aquaculture Aquaculture Fisheries Water Quality and Standards for industrial Water Cooling Water Ultra-pure Water Water Quality and Standards for emergency and disaster use Practical strategy in emergencies Monitoring the Water Quality Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) iWATER Quality AND Standards Microbial guidelines Guidelines for chemicals and radiation 6.

4 Water Quality and Standards for Aquatic Environments Environmental Quality Standards for human health Environmental Quality Standards for the conservation of the living environment 7. Effluent Standards Water Quality Standards , and Monitoring 74 Yashumoto Magara, Professor of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 1. Introduction 2. Drinking Water Quality Standards and their development WHO drinking Water Quality guidelines Health related chemicals Threshold chemicals Non-threshold chemicals Microbiological aspects Acceptability aspects Development of national drinking Water Quality standard 3.

5 Wastewater Quality standard 4. Water Quality consideration in various Water uses Agricultural Water use and preventive measures to salinization Aquaculture Water use and public health consideration Wastewater reuse and public health consideration 5. Ambient Water Quality Standards Water Quality Standards for rivers Water Quality Standards for lakes Water Quality Standards for coastal Water bodies 6. Monitoring Drinking Water Quality monitoring Surface Water monitoring River Water monitoring Lake Water monitoring Groundwater monitoring Basic Concepts and Definitions in Water Quality and Standards 105 Yashumoto Magara, Professor of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 1.

6 Introduction 2. Water Quality Standards and their development Concepts Evaluation of Standards WHO guidelines for drinking Water Quality United States of America EPA Water Quality regulations 3. Monitoring and assessment of Water Quality Standards Monitoring parameters and frequencies Parameters related to human health Parameters related to living environment River Water Groundwater Types of groundwater Quality surveys Survey parameters and frequencies Survey locations Others Lakes and reservoirs Coastal areas Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) iiWATER Quality AND Standards Wastewater 4.

7 Roles and functions of stakeholders Central government Local government Industries Local populace Classification of Water Quality Standards 122 Yashumoto Magara, Professor of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 1. Introduction 2. Drinking Water Quality Standards 3. Ambient Water Quality Standards Water Quality Standards for rivers Water Quality Standards for lakes Water Quality Standards for coastal Water bodies Assessment of Standards 135 Masanori Ando, Musashino University, Japan 1.

8 Introduction 2. Categorization of Source of Chemical Constituents 3. Conceptual Development of Risk Assessment Definition of Risk Assessment Historical Overview of Risk Analysis 4. Risk Assessment Process Health Outcome Targets Approaches to Risk Analysis 5. Hazard Identification Sources of Information on Health Effects Epidemiologic Data Animal Data Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Chemicals Carcinogenic Chemicals Genotoxic Carcinogenic and Non-Genotoxic Carcinogenic Chemicals Classification of Carcinogenic Chemicals Non-Carcinogenic Chemicals Acute Toxicity Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity 6. Dose-Response Assessment Threshold Chemicals No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level and Lowest-Adverse-Effect Level Assumptions and Uncertainties on the Health Risk Analysis Uncertainty Factors Allocation of Intake Default Assumptions Alternative Approaches Calculation Procedure of Tolerable Daily Intake Cancer Risk Assessment Models and Cancer Potency Non-Genotoxic Carcinogen to Animal Tests Epidemiology Cancer Risk Assessment Models on Non-Threshold Chemicals 7.

9 Exposure Assessments Verification and Perception of Risk Exposure Assessment 8. Risk Characterization Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) iiiWATER Quality AND Standards Natural Waters 151 Yoshiteru Tsuchiya, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Japan 1. Introduction 2. Characteristics of Water 3. Distribution of Water on the Earth Distribution Water Cycle 4. Seawater Constituents of Seawater Main Elements of Seawater Micro and Trace Elements in Seawater Dissolved Gases in Seawater Water Quality of Deep Seawater 5. Rain Water Quality of Rain 6. Terrestrial Water Water Quality of Surface Water Water Quality of Lakes Hydrologic Cycle in Lakes pH DO 7.

10 Groundwater 8. Glaciers and Icecaps Snow Glaciers Elements in Snow and Ice Surface Water Monitoring 167 Masanori Ando, Musashino University, Japan 1. Introduction 2. Outline of Surface Water 3. Monitoring Program for Surface Water Objectives of Program for Surface Water Monitoring Classification of Program for Surface Water Monitoring General Routine Monitoring Network Intensive Surveys Special Studies Industrial Water and Affected Fields Studies 4. Establishment of General Monitoring Location Selecting a Monitoring Site Site Access Historical Sites Designated Uses Locating Representative Sites Mixing Zones Monitoring Below Dams Representative Monitoring Site Identifying the Sampling Location Industrial Water Monitoring Site and Considered Concepts 5.