What’s the Matter with Memory? - USF

1 what 's the Matter with memory ? Eli b h F. Elizabeth F Loftus L f University of California, Irvine Doug Nelson Festschrift March 2008. March, Doug's interests Beth's interests memory and Cognitive memory and Cognitive Psychology in general Psychology, in general Psychology in general Psychology, in general Doug's interests Beth's interests Got his in 1967 Was in her 2nd year of graduate school. Doug's interests Beth's interests the influence of pre the influence of post event existing knowledge on existing knowledge on Information on the recall and Information on the recall and the recall and recognition recognition of experienced of recently experienced events.

2 Information. Doug's interests Beth's interests Free Association Norms False memory False memory Recognition & Recall Aging and memory False memory PIER Model Last updated 2002. Doug's interests Beth's interests the influence of pre the influence of post event existing knowledge on existing knowledge on Information on the recall and Information on the recall and the recall and recognition recognition of experienced of recently experienced events. information. Doug's interests Beth's interests Contributions of Legal System P h l Psychology to Mathematics and Psychotherapy Practices Science Education Science Education Aging g g & Cognition g I.

3 Innocence Project P j As of Feb 17, 2008: -- 213 DNA exonerations -- Eyewitness error is the single most important cause of wrongful imprisonment. Do Do you swear to tell the truth, the whole h l truth,h or whatever it is you think yyou remember? . Doug's interests Beth's interests the influence of pre the influence of post event existing knowledge on existing knowledge on Information on the recall and Information on the recall and the recall and recognition recognition of experienced of recently experienced events.

4 Information. Research on memory y Distortion Changing memory for Actual Events Research on memory Distortion . The Misinformation Effect 70. 60. 50. 40. 30. 20. 10. 0. Control Misled Dougg --- at that time Research h on memory Distortion Planting entirely false memories M. memory IImplantation l t ti When you were When you were You, your mom, When you were about ten, your about four, your and your brother about four years family went for a family went for a went to Kmart. You old, and Dan was camping trip to tramp at Smith's were 5 years old.

5 About seven, your Totoranui for two creek near Kaitoke. Your mom g gave familyy went for a weeks with Gill and Ben's friend Sisko each of you some trip to Christchurch, her family, John also went with you. money to get a to your Uncle and Liz, and your You set up tents by blueberry Icee. John's wedding. grandparents. You the river, and while You ran ahead to After the service made a lot of you were there you get into the line you walked to the friends at the swam in the river, first, and lost your Avon river where campsite and campsite, and cooked way in the store store.

6 The bride and spent most of the pancakes over the Your mom found groom rode a time with them and fire. you crying to an gondola down to Bevan. elderly woman. the reception. Event 1 Event 2 Event 3 Event 4. Loftus & Pickrell, 1995. False memory Rate: 25%. More Planted Memories Overnight hospitalization (Hyman: 20%). Accident A id t att Wedding W ddi (Hyman: 25%). Serious S i animal i l attack tt k UBC: 26% com 30% par Rescued R d by b lifeguard lif d (Tenn: Heaps & Nash) - 37%. More Planted Memories Hot Air Balloon Ride (New Zealand: Wade Wade, Garry et al).

7 Wade, Garry, Read, Lindsay (2002). More Planted Memories Familial-Informant false-narrative procedure (Lindsay et al, procedure al 2004). Family-member confederate paradigm . (Blandon-Gitlin, 2007 (Munsterberg). More Planted Memories Lost-the-mall procedure Other Techniques for Planting False Memories Imagination Dream Interpretation Hypnosis F l iinformation False f ti Impossible Memories Met Bugs at Disneyland (without Bugs Detectors). 60. 50. 40 36. P e rrc e ntage 30. 20. 9. 10. 0. Generic Bugs g Ad Condition Grinley Memories of Bugs Shook Sh k hi his hhand d 62%.)

8 Hugged him 46%. Touched his ear 23%. Touched his tail 23%. Heard what 's up doc. 23%. Holding H ldi a carrot n=1. Hugged by Bugs? Yes but Molested by Mickey? Licked by Pluto Berkowitz, Laney, Morris, Garry, Loftus (2008). False Feedback: Bad Newspaper Article ANAHEIM, California (AP) Last Tuesday, ANAHEIM Tuesday the Disneyland Resort released file records of all employees who violated the employee code of conduct during the 1980's and 1990's. The man dressed up as the Disney character Pluto. The employee had abused hallucinogenic drugs, while on the clock for Disney.

9 As a result, the Pluto character apparently developed a habit of inappropriately licking the ears of many young visitors with his large fabric tongue. tongue Records show that Pluto Pluto'ss disturbing behavior went largely unnoticed by management for several years In one of the last visitor complaints, a parent stated, It was obvious that my son was uncomfortable with Pluto's persistent licking .. Who believed the feedback? Liberal definition: Denyy at first,, then report p memory y or Belief 30% - Bad Pluto 39% - Good Pluto Disneyland Questionnaire - Consequences what is the most you are willing to pay for each of the following Disney souvenirs?

10 11. Disneyland postcard Nothing 25 50 75 $1 $ $ $2. 12. Keychain Nothing $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7. 13. Mickey Mouse magnet Nothing $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7. 14. Donald Duck coffee mug Nothing $2 $4 $6 $8 $10 $12 $14. 15 Pl 15. Pluto stuffed ff d animal i l Nothing $5. $ $$10 $$15 $20. $ $25. $ $30. $ $35. $. 16. Winnie the Pooh t-shirt Nothing $5 $10 $15 $20 $25 $30 $40. 17 Tigger boxer shorts 17. Nothing $5 $10 $15 $20 $25 $30 $40. Consequences - Willingness to pay for a Pluto Stuffed Animal 16. 15. 14 Controls Mean Rating 13 Bad Pluto Believers 12 Good Pluto Believers 11.