실 험 생 물 안 실험실 생물안전 매뉴얼 - WHO

1 1984 20 , . , .. , , . 3 .. , . 3.. , . laboratory biosafety manual DNA .. (WHO) .. Third edition .. ISBN 979-11-951803-3-2.. 3 . laboratory biosafety manual Third edition laboratory biosafety manual Third edition (World Health Organization) . 2004 . World Health Organization 2004. ( 700 1 ) .. , . : . : , . : , . ISBN : 979-11-951803-3-2. 3 . (Korea Biotechnology Industry Organization) 2014.. 1. 1. 1 1 5. 2. 7. 8. 8. 3. 1 2 9. 9. 12. 14. 16. 16. 17. , , , 19. 4. 3 20. 20. 21. 22. 22. 5. 4 25. 25. 25. 6. 28. 1 29. 2 29. 3 30. 4 31. 32. 7. / 33. 8. / 36. iii .. 2 . 45. 9. 47. 3 . 49. 10. 51. Class I 51. Class II 53. Class III 56. 56. 57. 57. 11. 61. - 61. 63. , , 63. 64. 64. 64. 4 . 67. 12. 69. 69. 70. 70. 70. / 71. 71. 72. 72. , , , 73. 73. 74. 74. 74.

2 , , 74. 76. 13. 78. 78. 79. 14. 82. 82. 83. iv .. 83. 88. 89. / 89. 90. 92. 93. 15. 94. 94. 3 95. 95. 5 . 97. 16. DNA 99. 99. 100. 100. 100. 101. 101. 102. 6 . , 103. 17. 105. 105. 105. 105. 105. 106. 106. 107. 18. 108. 108. 109. 109. 109. 7 . 113. 19. 115. 115. 116. v .. 20. 117. 117. ( ) 117. 21. 118. 8 . 121. 22. 123. 123. 123. 124. 124. 124. 124. 125. 125. 126. 126. 126. 127. 127. 128. 128. 129. 9 . , 131. 133. 1 137. 2 138. 3 139. 4 140. 140. 5 : 143. vi . Foreword . The World Health Organization (WHO) has long recognized that safety and, in particular, biological safety are important international issues. WHO published the first edition of the laboratory biosafety manual in 1983. The manual encouraged countries to accept and implement basic concepts in biological safety and to develop (World Health Organization, WHO).

3 National codes of practice for the safe handling of pathogenic microorganisms in laboratories within1983 . , their geographical borders. Since . 1983, many countries have used . the expert guidance provided in the manual to develop , such codes of practice. A second edition of the manual was published in 1993.. 1983 , . WHO continues to provide international leadership in biosafety through this third . 2 1993 . edition of the manual by addressing biological safety and security issues facing us in the current millennium. The . third edition stresses throughout the 3 . importance of personal responsibility. New chapters have been .. 3 added on risk assessment, . safe use . of recombinant DNA technology and transport of infectious , DNA .. materials. Recent world events have revealed new threats to public health through deliberate misuse and release.

4 Of microbiological agents and toxins. The third edition therefore also introduces . 3 . biosecurity . concepts the , . protection of . microbiological . assets . from theft, . loss or diversion, which could lead to the . inappropriate .use of these agents . 1997 to cause public . health harm. This edition also includes safety Safety in health-care laboratories(1) . information from the 1997 WHO. publication Safety in health-care laboratories (1). 3 , . The third edition of the WHO laboratory biosafety manual is a helpful reference . and . guide . to nations that . accept the . challenge . to develop . and establish . national codes of practice for securing microbiological assets, yet ensuring their availability for clinical, research and epidemiological purposes.

5 Dr A. Asamoa-Baah Dr A. Asamoa-Baah Assistant AssistantDirector-General Director-General Communicable CommunicableDiseases Diseases WorldHealth World HealthOrganization Organization Geneva, Switzerland Geneva, Switzerland vii . vii .. 3 .. : Dr W. Emmett Barkley, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA Dr Murray L. Cohen, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA ( ). Dr Ingegerd Kallings, Swedish Institute of Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden Ms Mary Ellen Kennedy, Consultant in biosafety , Ashton, Ontario, Canada Ms Margery Kennett, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference laboratory , North Melbourne, Australia ( ). Dr Richard Knudsen, Office of Health and Safety, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

6 Dr Nicoletta Previsani, biosafety programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Dr Jonathan Richmond, Office of Health and Safety, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA ( ). Dr Syed A. Sattar, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Dr Deborah E. Wilson, Division of Occupational Health and Safety, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA. Dr Riccardo Wittek, Institute of Animal Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland . : Ms Maureen Best, Office of laboratory Security, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada Dr Mike Catton,Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference laboratory , North Melbourne, Australia Dr Shanna Nesby, Office of Health and Safety, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

7 Dr Stefan Wagener, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg, Canada 1 2 , 1997 Safety in health- care laboratories(1) . viii . 1.. , ( 1, 2, 3, 4 ) .. 1 .. 1.. 1 ( ).. 2 ( ). , , .. 3 ( ).. 4 ( ). , .. 1 (Basic- biosafety Level 1), 2 (basic - biosafety Level 2), 3 (containment- biosafety Level 3), . 4 (maximum containment- biosafety Level 4) .. , , . , , . 2 . , .. ( ) ( ) . 1 .. 2. , .. 1 1 , GMT ; . (BSL 1) . 2 2 1 , GMT+ , + . (BSL 2) , .. 3 3 , BSL 2+ / . , , 1 . (BSL 3) . 4 4 BSL 3+ Class III . (airlock) , Class II . (BSL 4) , , . ( . ), . BSC, (biological safety cabinet); GMT, (Good Microbiological Techniques) (4. ). 1.. 2.. , , . , . 3.. ( ) , . ( , , ) . 4.. , , , . , .. , 2 . 2 , , .. , . 3 .. (2 ). 3 4 . 2 . 1.. 3.. 1 2 3 4.

8 A .. : .. b / .. c / . / c . : .. d . a , . b (4 ). c . d , , , . ( ), , .. 3 .. 1 .. 5 . 2.. , .. , , .. (principal investigator) , .. , , .. (1 ).. 1.. 2.. 3.. 4. ( , , ) . 5.. 6.. 7. ( ) . 8.. 9. ( , , ). 10.. (16 ). 11.. 7 .. , . , .. ( , ) .. 1. (2) , ( , , . ) . 2. - 2 . 3. / .. 1.. 2. ( , , ). 3.. , / . (www) (2003 (SARS) . ), .. (Genetically Modified Organisms, GMOs) . 16 . 8 . 3. 1 2 . 1-4 .. 1 , . ( , ) . ( , ) 2 .. , .. (2) . 1 2 , .. 3 4 (4 5 ) . ( ) .. , .. , .. , .. 1. ( 1) 2 .. 9 .. 1.. WHO . : : : : : . 2.. 3.. 4.. 5.. 6.. 1. , . 2. , .. , .. 3.. 4. , , . , ( ) . 5. ( , , , , ) .. 6.. 10 . 3. 1 2 . 7. , , , . 8.. 9.. 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. 5. , .. 6. , . 7. ( ) .. 8.. 1. , . 2.. 3. , . 4. / . 5.. 1.. ( ) . 2. ( ) .. 3.. 11 .. 4.. 5.

9 1.. 2. / 3.. 4. 5. 6. : . 1 2 2 3 .. 1. , . 2. , , , .. 3. , , , .. 4.. 5.. 6. , .. 7. , , . 8.. 9. , . 12 . 3. 1 2 . 3. BASIC LABORATORIES biosafety LEVELS 1 AND 2. 2.. Figure . 2. A typical 1 . biosafety . Level 1 laboratory ( (graphics kindly provided : CUH2A, byNJ, Princeton, CUH2A, USA) Princeton, NJ, USA). 7. Space and facilities should be provided for the safe handling and storage of solvents, radioactive materials, and compressed and liquefied gases. 10.. 8. Facilities for storing outer garments and personal items should be provided outside the laboratory 11. working areas. , . 9. Facilities for eating 12. 2 and drinking and for rest . should be provided outside the laboratory working areas.. 10. Hand-washing basins, with running water if possible, should be provided in each 13.

10 , laboratory room, , near preferably ,the exit . door.. 11. Doors should have 14. vision . panels, ,appropriate fire . ratings, and preferably ( be self- 1 ). closing. 15.. 12. At biosafety Level 2, an autoclave or other means of decontamination should be in available .. appropriate . proximity to , . the laboratory . 13. Safety systems should . cover fire, electrical emergencies, emergency shower and eyewash facilities. 14. First-aid areas or rooms suitably equipped and readily accessible should be available (see Annex 1). 13 . 13 .. 16.. 17.. , . , , .. 18.. 19.. , (9 ).. , .. ( ) , .. 1.. 2.. 3. , , . 4. , , , .. (10 . 11 ). 14 . 3. 1 2 . 3. BASIC LABORATORIES biosafety LEVELS 1 AND 2. Figure 3. A typical 3. biosafety 2 Level 2 laboratory (graphics ( kindly provided : CUH2A, by CUH2A, Princeton, Princeton, NJ, USA).)