WORKING IT OUT: CAREER GUIDANCE AND …

1 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development EDU/WKP(2018)11 Unclassified English text only 2 July 2018 DIRECTORATE FOR EDUCATION AND SKILLS WORKING IT OUT: CAREER GUIDANCE AND EMPLOYER ENGAGEMENT OECD Education WORKING Paper No. 175 By Pauline Musset, OECD and Lucia M tna Kurekov , Slovak Governance Institute, Bratislava. This WORKING paper has been authorised by Andreas Schleicher, Director of the Directorate for Education and Skills, OECD. Pauline Musset, Analyst and Lucia M tna Kurekov , Senior Researcher JT03434247 This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.

2 2 EDU/WKP(2018)11 WORKING IT OUT: CAREER GUIDANCE AND EMPLOYER ENGAGEMENT Unclassified OECD education WORKING papers series OECD WORKING Papers should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein are those of the author(s). WORKING Papers describe preliminary results or research in progress by the author(s) and are published to stimulate discussion on a broad range of issues on which the OECD works. Comments on WORKING Papers are welcome, and may be sent to the Directorate for Education and Skills, OECD, 2 rue Andr -Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France.

3 This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgement of OECD as source and copyright owner is given.

4 All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to Comment on the series is welcome, and should be sent to This WORKING paper has been authorised by Andreas Schleicher, Director of the Directorate for Education and Skills, OECD. ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- Copyright OECD 2018 EDU/WKP(2018)11 3 WORKING IT OUT: CAREER GUIDANCE AND EMPLOYER ENGAGEMENT Unclassified Acknowledgements This report was prepared by Pauline Musset and Lucia M tna Kurekov , with GUIDANCE from Anthony Mann.

5 Jennifer Cannon and Elisa Larrakoetxea provided administrative support. Tanja Bastiani led the statistical analysis. The authors are very grateful to colleagues in Scotland, Switzerland and Germany for their advice and inputs provided throughout the work, and for providing information on relevant country experience. The authors are also grateful to Scotland for organising a workshop on CAREER GUIDANCE held in Glasgow on 20 September 2016, at which a preliminary version of this paper, under the shape of a discussion paper, was discussed. The OECD is grateful to all stakeholders who took part in the event.

6 Their experiences and insights have provided valuable inputs into this report. The authors would like to thank Andreas Schleicher, Dirk van Damme, Deborah Roseveare, Vikt ria Kis, Benedicte Bergseng, Francesco Avvisati and Deirdre Hughes for their valuable feedback on drafts of this report. 4 EDU/WKP(2018)11 WORKING IT OUT: CAREER GUIDANCE AND EMPLOYER ENGAGEMENT Unclassified Abstract CAREER and education decisions are amongst the most important young people make. Gender, ethnicity and socio-economic factors all strongly affect these choices. CAREER GUIDANCE is both an individual and a social good: it helps individuals to progress in their learning and work, but it also helps the effective functioning of the labour and learning markets, and contributes to a range of social policy goals, including social mobility and equity.

7 This justifies the public investment in CAREER GUIDANCE activities. Empirical evidence point towards CAREER GUIDANCE services in school and outside having a formative influence on young people s understanding of themselves and the world of work, and can often improve educational, social and economic outcomes. As young people stay in education and training longer and as the labour market becomes more complex, the case for CAREER GUIDANCE grows. But what makes for effective provision? This paper looks at the features of good CAREER GUIDANCE practice, including the need for schools to begin early and the essential role of exposure to the world of work.

8 R sum Les choix d orientation scolaire et professionnelle comptent parmi les plus importants que font les jeunes. Ces choix sont fortement influenc s par l appartenance sexuelle, l origine ethnique et divers facteurs socio conomiques. L orientation professionnelle est un bien la fois individuel et collectif : elle aide les individus avancer dans leurs tudes et leur carri re, mais elle contribue aussi au fonctionnement efficace des march s du travail et de l ducation, et la r alisation de divers objectifs de la politique sociale, notamment la mobilit sociale et l quit . Cela justifie les investissements publics dans les activit s d orientation professionnelle.

9 L exp rience montre que les services d orientation professionnelle au sein des tablissements scolaires et en dehors ont une influence formative sur la connaissance de soi et la compr hension du monde du travail, et qu ils peuvent souvent am liorer les r sultats scolaires des jeunes et les indicateurs sociaux et conomiques. Compte tenu de l allongement de la dur e des tudes et de la formation des jeunes et de la complexit croissante du march du travail, les arguments en faveur de l orientation professionnelle se multiplient. Mais qu est-ce qui caract rise une offre de services efficace ? Le pr sent rapport tudie les caract ristiques d une bonne pratique en mati re d orientation professionnelle, notamment l importance pour les coles de commencer t t, et le r le essentiel que jouent les employeurs et les employ s dans le processus.

10 EDU/WKP(2018)11 5 WORKING IT OUT: CAREER GUIDANCE AND EMPLOYER ENGAGEMENT Unclassified Table of contents Acknowledgements .. 3 Abstract .. 4 R sum .. 4 Summary .. 8 Introduction .. 8 The transition from education to work .. 8 The case for CAREER 9 Designing effective CAREER GUIDANCE services .. 10 Why and how to involve people in work .. 11 Chapter 1. Introduction .. 14 What this paper aims to achieve .. 14 Definition of CAREER GUIDANCE .. 15 Structure of the paper .. 15 Chapter 2. The transition from education to work .. 17 Young people face difficulties transitioning from education into the labour market .. 17 Different trends have deeply changed the labour 18 Supply of skills is also changing.