WRITING TOTAL AND NET IONIC EQUATIONS

1 ~hcchm001 the overall equation including the correct designations for the physical state of the substances(s, l, g, aq). Balance this equation. Most of these kinds of EQUATIONS are double displacementreactions: AX + BY 6 AY + the TOTAL IONIC EQUATIONS , write strong electrolytes in solution in the form of aqueous ions.(a)Strong acids. The common strong acids and their aqueous ions are:HIHydroiodic acid H(aq) + I(aq)+-HBrHydrobromic acidH(aq) + Br(aq)+-HClHydrochloric acidH(aq) + Cl(aq)+-33 HNON itric acidH(aq) + NO(aq)+-44 HClOPerchloric acidH(aq) + ClO(aq)+-244 HSOS ulfuric acid2 H(aq) + SO(aq)+-2(b)Strong bases. Strong bases are the hydroxides of the alkali (Group IA) andalkaline earth (Group IIA) metals ions which are sufficiently soluble.

2 Thecommon strong bases and their aqueous ions are:LiOHLithium hydroxideLi(aq) + OH(aq)+-NaOHSodium hydroxideNa(aq) + OH(aq)+-KOHP otassium hydroxideK(aq) + OH(aq)+-2Sr(OH)Strontium hydroxideSr(aq) + 2 OH(aq)+2-2Ba(OH)Barium hydroxide Ba(aq) + 2 OH(aq)+2-(c)Soluble salts. Determinations of the solubility of a salt may be made byreference to SOLUBILITIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS. Soluble salts arewritten as their aqueous ions:NaCl(aq)Sodium chlorideNa(aq) + Cl(aq)+-244 KSO(aq)Potassium sulfate2 K(aq) + SO(aq)+-2233 LiCO(aq)Lithium carbonate2 Li(aq) + CO(aq)+-2344 NaPO(aq)Sodium phosphate3 Na(aq) + PO(aq)+-342444(NH)SO(aq) Ammonium sulfate2 NH(aq) + SO(aq)+ the TOTAL IONIC EQUATIONS , write the weak electrolytes in solution as their (predominantly)molecular form.

3 Weak electrolytes, or un-ionized substances, include (with examples):(a)weak acids(b)weak bases(c)water23232 HCHO(aq)NH(aq)HO(l)432 HCN(aq)(NHOH written as NH(aq) + HO(l) the TOTAL IONIC EQUATIONS , write insoluble substances as the TOTAL compound (in theirmolecular form). Unstable substances are written in their decomposed forms. These substancesinclude (with examples):(a)precipitates or insoluble reactants(b)gases(c) derived from unstable substances32432 CaCO (s)CO(g)If NHOH, write NH(aq) + HO(l)222322Zn(OH)(s)SO(g)If HCO, write CO(g) + HO(l)232322Mg(OH)(s)SO(g)If HSO, write SO(g) + HO(l)222Ca(OH)(s)O(g), N(g) the net IONIC EQUATIONS , cancel any substances or ions that appear on both sides of the TOTAL AND NET IONIC ~hcchm001 (a) Overall equation:423423(aq)2 HBr(aq) +(NH)CO(aq)----->2 NHBr(aq) + HCOstrongsolublesoluble unstableacidsaltsalt substance (b) TOTAL IONIC equation.)

4 432 H(aq)+2 Br(aq)+2 NH(aq) +CO(aq) ----->+-+-2spectator spectatorion ion4222 NH(aq)+2 Br(aq)+CO(g)+HO(l)+-spectatorspectatorio n ion(c) Net IONIC equation:3222 H(aq)+CO(aq)---->CO(g)+HO(l)+2-charge:+2 -2=0 0 0(a) Overall equation:23 [HSO(aq)] unstable substance2322 NaSO(aq)+2 HCl(aq)6HO(l)+SO(g)+2 NaCl(aq)solublestrongsolublesaltacidsalt (b) TOTAL IONIC equation:32 Na(aq)+SO(aq)+2 H(aq)+2 Cl(aq)---->+-2+-spectatorspectatorionion 22HO(l)+SO(g)+2 Na(aq)+ 2 Cl(aq)+-spectatorspectatorionion(c) Net IONIC equation:322SO(aq)+2 H(aq)---->HO(l)+SO(g)-2+charge:-2+2=0 0 0 WRITING TOTAL AND NET IONIC EQUATIONSEXAMPLESR eaction of hydrobromic acid and ammonium carbonate in aqueous solutionReaction of sodium sulfite with hydrochloric acid in aqueous solutio