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Chapter 3 State Variable Models - Engineering

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1Chapter 3State Variable ModelsThe State Variables of a Dynamic SystemThe State Differential EquationSignal-Flow Graph State VariablesThe Transfer Function from the State Equation2Introduction In the previous Chapter , we used Laplace transform to obtain the transfer function Models representing linear, time-invariant, physical systems utilizing block diagrams to interconnect systems. In Chapter 3, we turn to an alternative method of system modeling using time-domain methods. In Chapter 3, we will consider physical systems described by an nth-order ordinary differential equations. Utilizing a set of variables known as State variables, we can obtain a set of first-order differential equations. The time-domain State Variable model lends itself easily to computer solution and Control System With the ready availability of digital computers, it is convenient to consider the time-domain formulation of the equations representing control systems.

q k k k k n o n n n o n m n m n m o n n n o m m m Lq P G s P k U s Y s G s a s a s a s s b s b s b s U s Y s G s s a s a s a s b s b s b U s Y s G s. 22 Phase Variable Format: Let us initially consider the fourth-order transfer function. Four state variables (x 1, x 2, x 3, x 4); Number of integrators equal the order of the system.

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