Machine Code -and- How the Assembler Works

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Machine code -and- How the Assembler WorksMar 8 13, 20131 / 32OutlineWhat is Machine code ?RISC vs. CISCMIPS instruction formatsAssembling basic instructionsR-type instructionsI-type instructionsJ-type instructionsMacro instructions2 / 32Assembly language vs. Machine codeAssemblertranslates assembly code to Machine codeloop: lw $t3, 0($t0) lw $t4, 4($t0) add $t2, $t3, $t4 sw $t2, 8($t0) addi $t0, $t0, 4 addi $t1, $t1, -1 bgtz $t1, loop0x8d0b00000x8d0c00040x016c50200xad0a 00080x210800040x2129ffff0x1d20fff9Assemb lerAssembly program (text file)source codeMachine code (binary)object code3 / 32What is Machine code ?

an extra layer of abstraction from the hardware easy to add new instructions can change underlying hardware without changing the machine code interface Advantages of RISC easier to understand and teach :-) regular structure make it easier to pipeline no machine code to microcode translation step No clear winner ... which is why we still have ...

  Code, Machine, Abstraction, Machine code