THE ELEMENTS 0F QUANTITATIVE ... - Daniel Ezra …

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CHAPTER11KYLEGORMANANDDANIELEZRAIOHNSONA sociolinguistwhohasgatheredsomuchdatatha tithasbecomedifficulttomakesenseoftheraw observationsmayturntographicalpresentati on,andtodescriptivestatistics,techniques fordistillingacollectionofdataintoafewke ynumericalvalues,allowingtheresearcherto focusonspecific,meaningfulpropertiesofth edataset(seelohnsoninpress).However,asoc iolinguistisrarelysatisfiedwithameresnap shotoflinguisticbehavior,anddesiresnotju sttodescribe,butalsotoevaluatehypotheses abouttheconnectionsbetweenlinguisticbeha vror,speakers, ( ,Lucas,Bayley,8rValli2001:43).Asocioling uistwhosuspectsthatwomenandmen111acertai nspeechcommunitydifferintherateatwhichth eyrealizethefinalconsonantofawordendingi n<ing>withcoronal[n]ratherthanvelar[1]]wouldco llecttokensofthesewordsinthespeechofwome nandmen, ,intheformofadescrip tivestatisticoranappropriategraph,coulds uggestthatwomendifferfrommenintherateatw hichtheyusethesecompetingvariants,theset ech, , ,however, ,asingleinterviewmakesuponlyatinyfractio nofanyspeaker slifetimeoflanguage, ,wheretherearealwaysmorepossiblesubjects torunorstimulitopresent, ,itisalwayspossiblethatthesamplediffersq uantitativelyfromthepopuelation, ,butthewomeninasample,forinstance,maynot berepresenta ,usuallyanobserveddifference,inthesample doesextendtothepopulationiscalledthealte rnativehypothesis,whereastheopposingview thatthereisnorealdiffer ,ifasociolinguistisinterestedintheassoci ationbetweengenderandspeechrate,th

CHAPTER 11 KYLE GORMAN AND DANIEL EZRA IOHNSON A sociolinguistwho hasgatheredso much datathat it hasbecomedifficult to make senseof the raw observationsmay turn to graphical presentation,and

  Daniel, Morgan, Ezra, Kyle gorman and daniel ezra iohnson, Kyle, Iohnson