Transcription of Chapter 1
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RS Chapter 1 Random Variables6/14/20191 Chapter 1 Probability Theory: IntroductionBasic Probability General In a probability space ( , , P), the set is the set of all possible outcomesof a probability experiment . Mathematically, is just a set, with elements . It is called the sample space. An eventis the answer to a Yes/No question. Equivalently, an event is a subset of the probability space: A . Think of A as the set of outcomes where the answer is Yes , and Acis the complementary set where the answer is No . A -algebra is a mathematical model of a state of partial knowledge about the outcome. Informally, if is a -algebra and A , we say that A if we know whether A or Chapter 1 Random Variables6/14/20192 Definitions AlgebraDefinitions: Semiring(of sets)A collection of sets Fis called a semiringif it satisfies: F.
Examples: The singleton points in Rn, and lines and curves in Rn, n ≥2. By countable additivity, any countable set in Rn has measure zero. • A particular property is said to hold almost everywhere if the set of points for which the property fails to hold is a set of measure zero. Example: “a function vanishes almost everywhere”; “ f ...
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