Transcription of Chapter 2 Design for Shear - Engineering
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Chapter 2 Design for Shear - Engineering
Chapter 2 Design for Shear By Richard W. Furlong Introduction Shear is the term assigned to forces that act perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of structural elements. Shear forces on beams are largest at the supports, and the Shear force at any distance x from a support decreases by the amount of load between the support and the distance x. Under uniform loading, the slope of the Shear diagram equals the magnitude of the unit uniform load. Shear forces exist only with bending forces. Concrete beams are expected to crack in flexure, with such cracks forming perpendicular to longitudinal tension reinforcement, , perpendicular also to a free edge. Principal tension stresses change direction from horizontal at the longitudinal reinforcement to 45o at the neutral axis and vertical at the location of maximum compression stress. Consequently, cracks in concrete tend to point toward the region of maximum compression stress as indicated by the cracks shown in Fig.
compression struts if the required amount of Vs exceeds 8Vc = 8bwd√fc’ regardless of shear reinforcement. Thus, a beam section must be made larger if Vn > 10bwd√fc’. A graph given in design aid SHEAR 1 displays limits of nominal shear stress values of Vn/(bwd) for concrete strength fc’ from 3000 psi to 10,000 psi. The graph is not ...
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