Transcription of Chapter Thirteen NUCLEI
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Chapter Thirteen NUCLEI
INTRODUCTIONIn the previous Chapter , we have learnt that in every atom, the positivecharge and mass are densely concentrated at the centre of the atomforming its nucleus . The overall dimensions of a nucleus are much smallerthan those of an atom. Experiments on scattering of a-particlesdemonstrated that the radius of a nucleus was smaller than the radiusof an atom by a factor of about 104. This means the volume of a nucleusis about 10 12 times the volume of the atom. In other words, an atom isalmost empty. If an atom is enlarged to the size of a classroom, the nucleuswould be of the size of pinhead. Nevertheless, the nucleus contains most(more than ) of the mass of an the nucleus have a structure, just as the atom does?
chapter , we shall look for answers to such questions. We shall discuss various properties of nuclei such as their size, mass and stability, and also associated nuclear phenomena such as radioactivity, fission and fusion. 13.2 A TOMIC MASSES AND COMPOSITION OF NUCLEUS The mass of an atom is very small, compared to a kilogram; for example,
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