Transcription of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
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Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
1 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) OUTLINE: ABSTRATC ..1 1- 2- GNSS 3- GNSS SIGNALS .. 13 4- SIGNAL PROCESSING AND RECEIVER DESIGN ..14 5- REFERENCE SYSTEMS .. 16 6- OBSERVATION 19 7- WIRELESS SYSTEMS AND GNSS 8- CONCLUSION ..33 9- Glossary .. 34 36 ABSTRACT Recently, there is an increase interest in positioning techniques based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) such as Global Positioning System (GPS), cellular network infrastructure or on the integration of the two technologies for a wide spread of applications such as Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL), tracking systems, Navigation , Pedestrian Navigation Systems (PNSs), intelligent transportation Systems, precise positioning and emergency callers. During the last 15 years there are many important events in the field of Satellite Navigation systems such as: (a)the full operational GPS in 1993, when 24 GPS satellites were operating in their assigned orbits, available for Navigation use and providing Standard Positioning Services 2 (SPS), (b) the new European Satellite System Galileo, (c) the modernized of US Satellite System GPS, and (d) the reconstruction of Russian Satellite System Gl
L t a P t W t f t a C A t D t f t π π π = = + (1) The signal broadcast by the satellite is a spread spectrum signal, which makes it less prone to jamming. The basic concept of spread spectrum technique is that the information waveform with small bandwidth is converted by modulating it with a large-bandwidth waveform (Hofmann-Wellenhof et al ...
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