Transcription of INTRODUCTION MACHINE LEARNING
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INTRODUCTION . TO. MACHINE LEARNING . AN EARLY DRAFT OF A PROPOSED. TEXTBOOK. Nils J. Nilsson Robotics Laboratory Department of Computer Science Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305. e-mail: November 3, 1998. Copyright 2005. c Nils J. Nilsson This material may not be copied, reproduced, or distributed without the written permission of the copyright holder. ii Contents 1 Preliminaries 1. INTRODUCTION .. 1. What is MACHINE LEARNING ? .. 1. Wellsprings of MACHINE LEARNING .. 3. Varieties of MACHINE LEARNING .. 4. LEARNING Input-Output Functions .. 5. Types of LEARNING .. 5. Input Vectors .. 7. Outputs .. 8. Training Regimes .. 8. Noise .. 9. Performance Evaluation .. 9. LEARNING Requires Bias .. 9. Sample Applications .. 11. Sources .. 13. Bibliographical and Historical Remarks .. 13. 2 Boolean Functions 15. Representation .. 15. Boolean Algebra .. 15. Diagrammatic Representations .. 16. Classes of Boolean Functions .. 17. Terms and Clauses .. 17. DNF Functions .. 18. CNF Functions.
humans learn. But there are important engineering reasons as well. Some of these are: Some tasks cannot be de ned well except by example; that is, we might be able to specify input/output pairs but not a concise relationship between inputs and desired outputs. We would like machines to be able to adjust
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