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CHAPTER 3. Linear Equations and Matrices In this chapter we introduce Matrices via the theory of simultaneous Linear Equations . This method has the advantage of leading in a natural way to the concept of the reduced row-echelon form of a matrix. In addition, we will for- mulate some of the basic results dealing with the existence and uniqueness of systems of Linear Equations . In Chapter 5 we will arrive at the same matrix algebra from the viewpoint of Linear transformations. SYSTEMS OF Linear Equations . Let a , .. , a , y be elements of a field F, and let x , .. , x be unknowns (also called variables or indeterminates). Then an equation of the form a x + ~ ~ ~ + a x = y is called a Linear equation in n unknowns (over F). The scalars a are called the coefficients of the unknowns, and y is called the constant term of the equation. A vector (c , .. , c ) Fn is called a solution vector of this equa- tion if and only if a1 c1 + ~ ~ ~ + an cn = y 115.
115 C H A P T E R 3 Linear Equations and Matrices In this chapter we introduce matrices via the theory of simultaneous linear equations. This method has the advantage of leading in a natural way to the
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3 Graphing and Solving Systems of Linear, 3 Systems of Linear Equations, Graphing and Solving Systems of Linear Inequalities, Of linear, Solving Systems Using Inverse Matrices, Solving Systems Using Inverse Matrices SOLVING SYSTEMS, Of linear equations, For Linear Systems of Differential, For Linear Systems of Differential Equations, Linear systems of differential equations, Simultaneous linear equations, Solving, Equations, Solving Equations—Quick Reference - Algebra, Differential Equations I, DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 3, ELEMENTARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, Lecture Notes for Linear Algebra, Finite element, LINEAR