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NMR yields usually
BO Group . Stockholms Universitet Tue B. Petersen . nmr yields General The ratio of compounds in a sample can be determined using the integrals of the peaks. Reliable integrals require: homogenous sample a homogeneous NMR sample sufficient relaxation time (d1) usually not a problem in 1H NMR, but in 19F NMR we customarily extend d1 to 5 s absence of decoupling pulses (this is why the integrals in a standard 13C NMR spectrum are not useful) good signal to noise ratio proper phasing of the spectrum absence of (significant) other contributions to the peaks chosen ( the compounds being compared must have peaks that do not overlap with peaks from other compounds) Assuming the conditions listed above, the ratio of the integrals give the ratio of nuclei, which need to be corrected for the number (N) of nuclei represented by the peaks chosen in order to give the molar ratio of the compounds: nA(integralA/NA) ( ) rA/B =nB=(integralB/NB) Not all peaks in the spectrum need to be free from overlapping peaks, but each compound to be determined must have at least one peak free of contributions from other compounds.
BO Group . Stockholms Universitet Tue B. Petersen . tue@organ.su.se NMR yields General The ratio of compounds in a sample can be …
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Basic concepts for two-dimensional NMR, 13C NMR, Measuring 13C NMR Spectra, 400 and 500 Using Topspin, Returned To Sender 2005: No Mail Receptacle, Chapter 13: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Chapter 13: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, Simplified Table of C-13 NMR Chemical Shifts, NMR Solvent Data Chart