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Section 16: Magnetic properties of materials (continued)

Physics 927 1 Section 16: Magnetic properties of materials (continued) Ferromagnetism Ferromagnetism is the phenomenon of spontaneous magnetization the magnetization exists in the ferromagnetic material in the absence of applied Magnetic field. The best-known examples of ferromagnets are the transition metals Fe, Co, and Ni, but other elements and alloys involving transition or rare-earth elements also show ferromagnetism. Thus the rare-earth metals Gd, Dy, and the insulating transition metal oxide CrO2 all become ferromagnetic under suitable circumstances. Ferromagnetism involves the alignment of an appreciable fraction of the molecular Magnetic moments in some favorable direction in the crystal. The fact that the phenomenon is restricted to transition and rare-earth elements indicates that it is related to the unfilled 3d and 4f shells in these substances. Ferromagnetism appears only below a certain temperature, which is known as the ferromagnetic transition temperature or simply as the Curie temperature.

Section 16: Magnetic properties of materials (continued) Ferromagnetism Ferromagnetism is the phenomenon of spontaneous magnetization – the magnetization exists in the ferromagnetic material in the absence of applied magnetic field. The best-known examples of ferromagnets are the transition metals Fe, Co, and Ni, but other elements and alloys ...

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