Transcription of STRUCTURE & BONDING - knockhardy.org.uk
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STRUCTURE & BONDING - knockhardy.org.uk
STRUCTURE & BONDINGI ntroductionThe physical properties (boiling point, conductivity, strength) of a substancedepend on its STRUCTURE and type of BONDING . BONDING determines the OF BONDBond typesCHEMICAL BONDS IONIC (or electrovalent) (strong bonds) COVALENT DATIVE COVALENT (or COORDINATE) METALLICPHYSICAL BONDS van der Waals forces - weakest (weak bonds) dipole-dipole interaction hydrogen bonds - strongestFORMATION OF IONS FROM ATOMSP ositive ions known as cations formed when electrons are removed from atoms are smaller than the original atom the energy associated with the process is known as the ionisation energy (IE).
Negative ions • known as anions • larger than the original atom due to electron repulsion in outer shell • formed when electrons are added to atoms • energy is released as the nucleus pulls in an electron • this energy is the electron affinity. Electron
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