STRUCTURE OF ATOM Objectives - NCERT

29 STRUCTURE OF ATOMThe rich diversity of chemical behaviour of different elementscan be traced to the differences in the internal STRUCTURE ofatoms of these 2 STRUCTURE OF ATOMA fter studying this unit you will beable to know about the discovery ofelectron, proton and neutron andtheir characteristics; describe Thomson, Rutherfordand Bohr atomic models; understand the importantfeatures of the quantummechanical model of atom; understand nature ofelectromagnetic radiation andPlanck s quantum theory; explain the photoelectric effectand describe features of atomicspectra; state the de Broglie relation andHeisenberg uncertainty principle; define an atomic orbital in termsof quantum numbers; state aufbau principle, Pauliexclusion principle and Hund srule of maximum multiplicity; and write the electronic configurationsof existence of atoms has been proposed since the timeof early Indian and Greek philosophers (400 ) whowere of the view that atoms are the fundamental buildingblocks of matter.

In 1897, British physicist J.J. Thomson measured the ratio of electrical charge toe the mass of electron ( m e ) by using cathode ray tube and applying electrical and magnetic field perpendicular to each other as well as to the path of electrons (Fig. 2.2). When only electric field is applied, the electrons deviate from their

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