Transcription of The Current-Steering DAC
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The Current-Steering DAC
A C ircu it for All Seasons Behzad Razavi The Current-Steering DAC. D. Digital-to-analog converters (DACs) component, as in displays and opti- voltage experiences large fluctua- find application in many systems, cal modulators. tions in the presence of parasitic se- including communication trans- The current-switching structure ries inductances, such as those due mitters and consumer electronics. shown in Figure 1(a) suffers from to bond wires. Among various DAC realizations, the dynamic errors. As depicted in Fig Both of these effects can be greatly Current-Steering topology offers the ure 1(b), when a switch turns off, the suppressed through the use of current highest speed and becomes the de top terminal voltage of its correspond- steering (Figure 2). Here, the tail cur- facto solution at gigahertz frequen- ing current source collapses to zero. rent is steered to the left or the right cies, especially if the analog output Thus, the next time that this branch is by each differential pair, causing only a must be delivered to a resistive load.
to this code-dependent output resis-tance, the input–output charac-teristic exhibits compression as D in increases [Figure 7(d)]. It can be shown that the maximum INL aris-ing from this effect is given by IR u LMr/(4 O), 2 which, normalized to the full-scale output voltage, is ap-proximately equal to MR LO/(4r ). For example, if M =1024 and R ...
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