Transcription of The Illusion of Control - Nuovo e Utile
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The Illusion of Control - Nuovo e Utile
Journal oj Personality and Social Psychology1975, Vol. 32, No. 2, 311-328 The Illusion of ControlEllen J. LangerYale UniversityA series of studies was conducted to elucidate a phenomenon here referred toas the " Illusion of Control ." An Illusion of Control was denned as an ex-pectancy of a personal success probability inappropriately higher than the ob-jective probability would warrant. It was predicted that factors from skill situa-tions (competition, choice, familiarity, involvement) introduced into chancesituations cause individuals to feel inappropriately confident. In Study 1 sub-jects cut cards against either a confident or a nervous competitor; in Study 2lottery participants were or were not given a choice of ticket; in Study 3 lotteryparticipants were or were not given a choice of either familiar or unfamiliarlottery tickets; in Study 4, in a novel chance game, subj
menter which response to make or to be more actively involved by making the response themselves. The fifth study tested the effects of passive involvement by asking participants in a lottery at Yonkers Raceway at three different points in time before the drawing. 2 ...
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