Transcription of THERMODYNAMICS - NCERT
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CHAPTER INTRODUCTIONIn previous chapter we have studied thermal properties ofmatter. In this chapter we shall study laws that governthermal energy. We shall study the processes where work isconverted into heat and vice versa. In winter, when we rubour palms together, we feel warmer; here work done in rubbingproduces the heat . Conversely, in a steam engine, the heat of the steam is used to do useful work in moving the pistons,which in turn rotate the wheels of the physics, we need to define the notions of heat,temperature, work, etc. more carefully. Historically, it took along time to arrive at the proper concept of heat.
energy is thus, the sum of molecular kinetic and potential energies in the frame of reference relative to which the centre of mass of the system is at rest. Thus, it includes only the (disordered) energy associated with the random motion of molecules of the system. W e denote the inter nal energy of a system by U. Though we have invoked the ...
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