Transcription of THERMODYNAMICS - NCERT
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CHAPTER INTRODUCTIONIn previous chapter we have studied thermal properties ofmatter. In this chapter we shall study laws that governthermal energy. We shall study the processes where work isconverted into heat and vice versa. In winter, when we rubour palms together, we feel warmer; here work done in rubbingproduces the heat . Conversely, in a steam engine, the heat of the steam is used to do useful work in moving the pistons,which in turn rotate the wheels of the physics, we need to define the notions of heat,temperature, work, etc. more carefully. Historically, it took along time to arrive at the proper concept of heat . Before themodern picture, heat was regarded as a fine invisible fluidfilling in the pores of a substance. On contact between a hotbody and a cold body, the fluid (called caloric) flowed fromthe colder to the hotter body!
theory of gases is not so detailed but it does involve molecular distribution of velocities. Thermodynamic description of a gas, on the other ... When a bullet is fired from a gun, what changes is the mechanical state of the bullet (its kinetic energy, in …
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