Expected Value, Variance and Covariance
De nition of Covariance Let Xand Y be jointly distributed random variables with E(X) = xand E(Y) = y. The covariance between Xand Y is Cov(X;Y) = E[(X X)(Y Y)] If values of Xthat are above average tend to go with values of Y that are above average (and below average Xtends to go with below average Y), the covariance will be positive.
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