Integrating Variable Renewable Energy: Challenges and ...
and has cooled). A study by Xcel Energy found that for a 30-year-old 500-MW coal plant, costs ranged from $153,000 to $201,000 per cold start, whereas hot starts costs ranged from $82,000 to $110,000 (WGA 2012; Agan et al. 2008). Costs are specific to individual units, however, and
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