Tutorial on Digital Phase-Locked Loops - CppSim
Adjust frequency in an LC oscillator by switching in a variable number of small capacitors-Most effective for CMOS processes of 0.13u and below Staszewski et. al., TCAS II, Nov 2003 Time-to-Digital ref(t) out(t) Digital Loop Filter DCO div(t) Divider Varactor Varactor Digital Control
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Tutorial on Digital Phase-Locked Loops - CppSim
cppsim.comM.H. Perrott 2 Why Are Digital Phase-Locked Loops Interesting? Performance is important-Phase noise can limit wireless transceiver performance-Jitter can be a problem for digital processors
S- Parameters and Impedance Transformers
cppsim.comFor high speed circuits with transmission lines, achieving maximum power transfer is important-Maximum power transfer coincides with having zero reflections (i.e., L = 0) Can we ever win on both issues? Voltage Power 25
Subthreshold Operation and gm/Id design - CppSim
cppsim.comTransconductance in Subthreshold Region Assuming device is in subthreshold and in saturation: 12 Id Vgs Id_op Vds > 100mV M1 Id Vgs NMOS g s d gm = ΔV gs ΔId Vgs_op Vgs_op ⇒ gm = δId δVgs ≈ID0 W L eVgs/(nVt) 1 nVt = Id nVt Recall for strong inversion : gm ≈ 2Id (Vgs −VTH) ID ≈ID0 W L eVgs/(nVt) g m purely a function of I d!
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