ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR - GWDG

1 1 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR9th editionbyStephen P. RobbinsSan Diego State UniversityPrentice Hall International, Inc.".. the number-one-selling ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR (OB) textbook in the United States and worldwide. More than students around the globe have studied OB from this text" (preface, XXIII).2 Part One IntroductionChapter 1 What is ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR ?Part Two The IndividualChapter 2 Foundations of Individual BehaviorChapter 3 Values, Attitudes, and Job SatisfactionChapter 4 Personality and EmotionsChapter 5 Perception and Individual Decision MakingChapter 6 Basic Motivation ConceptsChapter 7 Motivation: From concept to ApplicationsPart Three The GroupChapter 8 Foundations of Group BehaviorChapter 9 Understanding Work TeamsChapter 10 CommunicationChapter 11 Leadership and Trust Chapter 12 Power and PoliticsChapter 13 Conflict and NegotiationPart Four The Organization SystemChapter 14 Foundations of Organization StructureChapter 15 Work Design and TechnologyChapter 16 Human Resource Policies and PracticesChapter 17 ORGANIZATIONAL CulturePart Five ORGANIZATIONAL DynamicsChapter 18 ORGANIZATIONAL Change and Stress Management3 CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR "We have come to understand that technical skills are necessary but insufficient for succeeding in management.

2 In today's increasingly competitive and demanding workplace, managers can't succeed on their technical skills alone. They also have tohave good people skills. This book has been written to help bothmanagers and potential managers develop those people skills" (p. 2).4 WHAT MANAGERS DO"Managers get things done through other people. They make decisions, allocate resources, and direct the activities of others to attain goals. Managers do their work in an organization. This is a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals" (p. 2).5 MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONSP lanning:Includes defining goals, establishing strategy, anddeveloping plans to coordinate :Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be :Includes motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving.

3 Monitoring activities to ensure they are beingaccomplished as planned and correcting anysignificant ROLES Interpersonal Roles-Figurehead-Leader-Liason Information Roles-Monitor-Disseminator-Spokesperson Decisional Roles-Entrepreneur-Disturbance Handler-Resource Allocator-Negotiator7 Mintzberg's Managerial RolesInterpersonalFigureheadLeaderLiaiso nDescriptionIs symbolic head; required to perform a number of routine duties of a legal or social natureIs responsible for the motivation and direction of subordinatesMaintains a network of outside contacts who provide favors and informationExampleHandles ceremonies, status requests, solicitationssolicitation = Gesuch, BittePerforms virtually all managerial activities involving subordinatesAcknowledges mail, external board work8 InformationalMonitorDisseminator= Verbreiter SpokespersonDescriptionReceives wide variety of information.

4 Serves as nerve center of internal and external information of the organizationTransmits information received from outsiders or from other subordinates to members of the organizationTransmits information to outsiders on organization's plans, policies, actions, and results; serves as expert on organization's industryExampleHandles all mail and contacts categorized as concerned primarily with receiving informationForward mail into organization for informational purposes; makes verbal contacts involving information flow to subordinates such as review sessionsAttends board meetings; handles contacts involving transmission of information to outsiders9 EntrepreneurDisturbance handlerResource allocatorNegotiatorSearches organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about changeIs responsible for corrective action when organization faces important, unexpected disturbancesMakes or approves significant ORGANIZATIONAL decisionsIs responsible for representing the organization at major negotiationsHolds strategy and review sessions involving initiation or design of improvement projectsHolds strategy and review sessions involving disturbances and crisesHandles scheduling; requests for authorization; budgeting.

5 The programming of subordinates' workHandles contract negotiation10 MANAGEMENT SKILLS Technical Skills:The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise."All jobs require some specialized expertise, and many people develop their technical skills on the job" (p. 5).But: Many people are technically proficient but interpersonally incompetent! Conceptual Skills:The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations."Decision making, for instance, requires managers to spot problems, identify alternatives that can correct them, evaluate those alternatives, and select the best one. Managers can be technically and interpersonally competent yet still fail because of an inability to rationally process and interpret information" (p. 5). Human Skills:The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups.

6 "Since managers get things done through other people, they must have good human skills to communicate, motivate, and delegate (p. 5).11 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR (OB)A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on BEHAVIOR within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's "studies three determinants of BEHAVIOR in organizations: individuals, groups, and structure. In addition, OB applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on BEHAVIOR in order to make organizations work more effectively" (p. 6).12 CONTRIBUTING DISCIPLINES" ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR is an applied behavioural science that is built upon contributions from a number of behavioral disciplines.

7 The predominant areas are psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and political science. As we shall learn, psychology's contributions have been mainly at the individual ormicro level of analysis, while the other four disciplines have contributed to our understanding of macro concepts such as groupprocesses and organization" (p. 9).13 BehavioralsciencePsychologySociologySoci al PsychologyAnthropologyPolitical ContributionLearning / MotivatingPersonality / EmotionsPerception / TrainingLeadership effectivenessJob satisfactionIndividual decision makingPerformance appraisalAttitude MeasurementEmployee selectionWork design / Work stressGroup dynamicsWork teamsCommunicationPower / ConflictIntergroup behaviorFormal organization theoryOrganizational technologyOrganization changeOrganizational cultureBehavioral changeAttitude changeCommunicationGroup processesGroup decision makingComparative valuesComparative attitudesCross-cultural analysisOrganizational cultureOrganizational environmentConflict / PowerUnit of analysisIndividualGroupOrganizationsyste mOutputStudy

8 Oforganizatio-nalbehavior14 Psychology:The Science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the BEHAVIOR of humans and other animals."Psychologists concern themselves with studying and attempting to understand individual BEHAVIOR . Those who have contributed and continue to add to the knowledge of OB are learning theorists, personality theorists, counselling psychologists, and, most important, industrial and ORGANIZATIONAL psychologists" (p. 9/10). Sociology:The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings."Whereas psychologists focus their attention on the individual, sociologists study the social system in which individuals fill their roles; that is, sociology studies people in relation to their fellow human beings" (p.)

9 11).15 Social Psychology:An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another.. an area within psychology, blending concepts from both psychology and sociology (p. 11). Anthropology:The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities."Anthropologists' work on cultures and environments, for instance, has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and BEHAVIOR among people in different countries and within different organizations" (p. 11). Political Science:The study of the BEHAVIOR of individuals and groups within a political environment. Specific topics of concern here include structuring of conflict,allocation of power, and how people manipulate power for individual self-interest (p.

10 12).16 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR OB Responding to Globalization1. ".. if you're a manager, you're increasingly likely to find yourself in an foreign assignment. You may be transferred to your employer's operating division or subsidiary in another country. Once there, you'll have to manage a workforce that is likely to be very different in needs, aspirations, and attitudesfrom the ones you were used to back home" (p. 13).2. ".. even in your own country, you're going to find yourself working with bosses, peers, and other employees who were born and raised in different cultures. What motivates you may not motivate To work effectively with these people, you'll need to understand their culture, how it has shaped them, and how to adapt your management style to their differences.