Ubuntu Server Guide - University of Macedonia

1 Ubuntu Server GuideUbuntu Documentation Project Server Guideby Ubuntu Documentation Project 2004, 2005, 2006 Canonical Ltd. and members of the Ubuntu Documentation ProjectAbstractAn introduction to installing and configuring Server applications on and LicenseThe following Ubuntu Documentation Team authors maintain this document: Bhuvaneswaran ArumugamThe Ubuntu Server Guide is also based on the contributions of: Robert Stoffers Brian Shumate Rocco StanzioneThis document is made available under a dual license strategy that includes the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) and the CreativeCommons ShareAlike License (CC-BY-SA).You are free to modify, extend, and improve the Ubuntu documentation source code under the terms of these licenses. All derivative worksmust be released under either or both of these documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warrantyof MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AS DESCRIBED IN THE of these licenses are available in the appendices section of this book.

2 Online versions can be found at the following URLs: GNU Free Documentation License [ ] Attribution-ShareAlike [ ]DisclaimerEvery effort has been made to ensure that the information compiled in this publication is accurate and correct. However, this does notguarantee complete accuracy. Neither Canonical Ltd., the authors, nor translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the of the software and hardware descriptions cited in this publication may be registered trademarks and may thus fall under copyrightrestrictions and trade protection laws. In no way do the authors make claim to any such DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IFADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH of ContentsAbout This Guide .

3 Vi1. Conventions .. vii2. Contributing and Feedback .. viii1. Introduction .. 92. Installation .. 101. Preparing to Install .. 112. Installing from CD .. 123. Package Management .. 131. Introduction .. 142. Apt-Get .. 153. Aptitude .. 174. Configuration .. 195. Extra Repositories .. 204. Networking .. 211. Network Configuration .. 222. TCP/IP .. 253. Firewall Configuration .. 294. OpenSSH Server .. 315. FTP Server .. 346. Network File System (NFS) .. 367. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) .. 388. Domain Name Service (DNS) .. 419. CUPS - Print Server .. 4310. HTTPD - Apache2 Web Server .. 4611. PHP5 - Scripting Language .. 5512. Squid - Proxy Server .. 5713. Version Control System.

4 5914. Databases .. 6515. Email Services .. 6816. Time Synchronisation with NTP .. 795. Windows Networking .. 811. Introduction .. 822. Installing SAMBA .. 833. Configuring SAMBA .. 84A. Creative Commons by Attribution-ShareAlike .. 90B. GNU Free Documentation License .. 951. PREAMBLE .. 962. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS .. 973. VERBATIM COPYING .. 994. COPYING IN QUANTITY .. 100 Ubuntu Server Guideiv5. MODIFICATIONS .. 1016. COMBINING DOCUMENTS .. 1037. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS .. 1048. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS .. 1059. TRANSLATION .. 10610. TERMINATION .. 10711. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE .. 10812. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents .. 109vList of Recommended Minimum Requirements .. Access Methods.

5 60viAbout This GuideAbout This Guidevii1. ConventionsThe following notes will be used throughout the book:A note presents interesting, sometimes technical, pieces of information related to thesurrounding tip offers advice or an easier way of doing caution alerts the reader to potential problems and helps avoid warning advises the reader of a hazard that may arise in a given conventions for print will be displayed as follows: Links to other documents or websites will look like this [ ].PDF, HTML, and XHTML versions of this document will use hyperlinks to conventions will be displayed as follows: File names or paths to directories will be shown in monospace. Commands that you type at a Terminal command prompt will be shown as:command to type Options that you click, select, or choose in a user interface will look like selections, mouse actions, and keyboard short-cuts: A sequence of menu selections will be displayed as follows: File Open Mouse actions shall assume a right-handed mouse configuration.

6 The terms click and double-click refer to using the left mouse button. The term right-click refers to using the rightmouse button. The term middle-click refers to using the middle mouse button, pressing down onthe scroll wheel, or pressing both the left and right buttons simultaneously, based on the design ofyour mouse. Keyboard shortcut combinations will be displayed as follows: Ctrl-N .Where the conventions for Control , Shift, and Alternate keys will be Ctrl, Shift, and Alt, respectively, and shall meanthe first key is to be held down while pressing the second This Guideviii2. Contributing and FeedbackThis book is developed by the Ubuntu Documentation Team[ ]. You can contribute to this document by sendingideas or comments to the Ubuntu Documentation Team mailing list. Information about theteam, its mailing lists, projects, etc.

7 Can be found on the Ubuntu Documentation Team Website[ ].If you see a problem with this document, or would like to make a suggestion, you can simply file abug report at the Ubuntu Bugtracker [ +bugs]. Your help isvital to the success of our documentation!Many thanks,-Your Ubuntu Documentation Team9 Chapter 1. IntroductionWelcome to the Ubuntu Server Guide !The Ubuntu Server Guide contains information on how to install and configure various serverapplications on your Ubuntu system to fit your needs. It is a step-by-step, task-oriented Guide forconfiguring and customizing your system. This manual discusses many intermediate topics such asthe following: Network Configuration Apache2 Configuration Databases Windows NetworkingThis manual is divided into the following main categories: Installation Package Management Networking Windows NetworkingThis Guide assumes you have a basic understanding of your Ubuntu system.

8 If you need detailed helpinstalling Ubuntu , refer to the Ubuntu Installation and PDF versions of the manual are available online at the Ubuntu Documentation website[ ].You can buy this Guide in book form from our Lulu store [ ]. Youwill only pay for the price of printing and 2. InstallationThis chapter provides a quick overview of installing Ubuntu Server Edition. For more detailedinstructions, please refer to the Ubuntu Installation Preparing to InstallThis section explains various aspects to consider before starting the System RequirementsUbuntu Server Edition supports three (3) major architectures: Intel x86, AMD64, and table below lists recommended hardware specifications. Depending on your needs, you mightmanage with less than this. However, most users risk being frustrated if they ignore these Recommended Minimum RequirementsInstall TypeRAMHard Drive SpaceServer64 megabytes500 megabytesThe default profile for the Ubuntu Server Edition is shown below.

9 Once again, the size of theinstallation will greatly depend on the services you install during setup. For most administrators, thedefault services are suitable for general Server is a small Server profile, which provides a common base for all sorts of Server 's minimal and designed to have the desired services added on top, such as file/print services,web hosting, email hosting, etc. For these services at least 500MB of disk space would suffice,but consider adding more space depending on the services you'd like to host with your that these sizes don't include all the other materials which are usually to be found, such asuser files, mail, logs, and data. It is always best to be generous when considering the space for yourown files and Backing Up Before you start, make sure to back up every file that is now on your system. If this is the first timea non-native operating system has been installed on your computer, it's quite likely you will needto re-partition your disk to make room for Ubuntu .

10 Any time you partition your disk, you should beprepared to lose everything on the disk should you make a mistake or something goes wrong duringpartitioning such as power loss to the system. The programs used in installation are quite reliable,and most have seen years of use, but they also perform destructive actions, and one mistake in usecan result in loss of your valuable you are creating a multi-boot system, make sure that you have the distribution media of any otherpresent operating systems on hand. Especially if you repartition your boot drive, you might findthat you have to reinstall your operating system's boot loader, or in many cases the whole operatingsystem itself and all files on the affected Installing from CDInsert your installation CD into your CD-ROM drive and reboot the computer. The installation systemis started immediately when booting from the CD-ROM.