Key Stage 3 Science - Cambridge University Press

1 Andy Cooke Jean MartinKey Stage 3 Science9 Series editorsAndy CookeJean MartinConsultantSam EllisAuthorsDavid AcasterTrevor BavageDarren BeardsleyChris ChristofiZoe CromptonSam EllisKevin FrobisherDavid GloverHelen NorrisJean MartinSue McCarthyMick MulliganNicky ThomasDoug WilfordPUBLISHED BY THEPRESSSYNDICATE OF THEUNIVERSITY OFCAMBRIDGEThe Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge , United KingdomCAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESSThe Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, AustraliaRuiz de Alarc n 13, 28014 Madrid, SpainDock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Cambridge University Press 2003 First published 2003 Printed in the United Kingdom by BemroseBoothTypefaceDelima MTSystemQuarkXPress A catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryISBN 0 521 75011 3paperbackCover design by Blue Pig Design CoPagemake-up and illustration by hardlines Ltd, Charlbury.

2 OxfordNOTICE TO TEACHERSThe photocopy masters in this publication may be photocopied free of charge forclassroom use within the school or institution which purchases the and photocopies of them remain in the copyright of CambridgeUniversity Press and such photocopies may not be distributed or used in any wayoutside the purchasing institution. Written permission is necessary if you wish tostore the material Key Stage 3 Science Cambridge University Press 2003iiiContentsPageIntroductionvUnit 9A Inheritance and information is passed from parents? are we similar but not identical? between right breed for the new varieties of plant are is a clone?

3 26 Unit 9B Fitness and about in dangers of your diet is use and abuse of for life70 Unit 9C Plants and do plants grow? and happens to the glucose made in leaves? , water and plants and the environment108 Unit 9D Plants for does our food come from? do fertilisers affect plant growth? out of more food153 Unit 9E Reactions of metals and metal are metals useful? metals with metal carbonates with metal oxides with about salts187 Unit 9F Patterns of happens to metals? and of metals with and and uses of metals and acids further229 Unit 9G Environmental soils different from each other? causes acid rain? we reduce the amount of acid in rain?

4 Global warming really happening?265 Unit 9H Using chemical reactions take place when fuels burn? reactions as energy new materials can chemical reactions make? and molecules in new materials306 Unit 9I Energy and is energy involved in doing useful things? does electricity transfer energy? for and reducing the waste of do we get electrical energy from?351 Unit 9J Gravity and is gravity? have our ideas about the Solar System changed? keeps planets and satellites in orbit?374 Unit 9K Speeding how fast something out the and things and parachutes413 Unit 9L Pressure and is pressure? under under and levers455 Answers to Class Book questions462 Summary activities481 Scientific investigations518 Spectrum Key Stage 3 Science Cambridge University Press 2003ivLearning What information is passed from parents?

5 Key Stage 3 Science Cambridge University Press 2003 Resources mapActivity book pp. 1 2 Activity routeLink to QCA scheme of workThis topic links to Unit 9A Learning Objectives, under the heading What characteristics can be inherited? ALLpupils should be able to: understand that offspring are similar but not identical to parents; understand that some characteristics are should also be able to: describe similarities between parents and offspring; identify some inherited characteristics; identify features caused by the should also be able to: find examples of, and distinguish between, inherited and environmental How microscopes helped to change our What information is passed from parents?

6 IntroductionClass book pp. 1 2 This section revises and reinforces ideas from Unit 7D. It provides teacherswith an opportunity to find out what pupils already consider the characteristics of a range of organisms, including somethat are inherited and some that are caused by the (mins)Activity activity, requiring less writing, supports the work in the class book. Thiscould lead to a discussion of inherited and environmental activity builds on work covered in the class book, allowing pupils toconsider the uses of certain characteristics for the animal or plant or forhumans, including breeding for a purpose. Pupils are given the opportunityto research a chosen animal or plant.

7 If time permits, they could present theirfindings to the to information sources, library or the InternetActivityGuidance notesResources2 Spectrum Key Stage 3 Science Cambridge University Press How microscopes helped to change our What information is passed from parents?SupportActivity Inheritance or the environment?Use pages 1 and 2 to help you with at the drawing of a young footballer. Write down next to eachcharacteristic whether you think it is an inherited characteristic or oneaffected by the environment. Write I if you think that it is an inherited E if you think the environment affects first one has been done for Key Stage 3 Science Cambridge University Press 2003short hairEblack hairsweatblue eyesleft handedfrecklespointed nosecut on How microscopes helped to change our What information is passed from parents?

8 MainActivity What characteristics do animals inherit?The diagram shows some of the inherited characteristics of a is it important that the horse has a large heart?2 Why are strong legs useful for a racehorse?3 Write down twoother characteristics breeders select when they arebreeding books or the Internet to find out some inherited characteristics ofoneother animal or threeof the characteristics, explain why they are useful for theanimal or Key Stage 3 Science Cambridge University Press 2003long neck to provide balancelarge heart to pump blood quickly around the bodystrong legs for supportstrong back for strength and flexibilitylarge musclesfor a long,fast stri