COUNTRY REPORT ON THE STATE OF PLANT GENETIC …

1 COUNTRY REPORT ON THE STATEOF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCESFOR FOOD AND AGRICULTUREPHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES2 THE STATE OF THE PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE OF THE PHILIPPINES (1997 - 2006)A COUNTRY REPORTD epartment of Agriculture Bureau of PLANT IndustryWritten by Nestor C. Altoveros and Teresita 2007 Note by FAOThis COUNTRY REPORT has been prepared by the national authorities in the context of the preparatory process for the Second REPORT on the STATE of World s PLANT GENETIC Resources for Food and Agriculture. The REPORT is being made available by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as requested by the Commission on GENETIC Resources for Food and Agriculture. However, the REPORT is solely the responsibility of the national authorities. The information in this REPORT has not been verified by FAO, and the opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views or policy of FAO.

2 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal or development status of any COUNTRY , territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of OF ACRONYMS 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILIPPINES AND ITS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 111.

3 Climate 112. Religion 113. People and ethnic constitution 134. Language 135. Religion 136. Population 147. Political structure and Government 148. Vegetation 149. Animal life 1510. Agriculture 15 The agriculture sector 15 Cropping systems 15 CHAPTER 1 THE STATE OF DIVERSITY Significance of agricultural biodiversity in the Philippines The STATE of diversity and relative importance of all major crops for food security and the diversity within them STATE of diversity of minor crops and underutilized species The main factors affecting the STATE of diversity factors driving any change Improving the understanding of the STATE of diversity and ways to maintain diversity Crop diversification, promoting development and commercialization of underutilized crops and species.

4 Developing new markets for diversity-rich products Early warning system The main values of PLANT GENETIC resources Factors influencing the STATE of PLANT GENETIC diversity in the Philippines 33 CHAPTER 2 THE STATE OF IN SITU MANAGEMENT PLANT GENETIC resources inventories and surveys On-farm management and improvement of PLANT GENETIC resources for food and agriculture 39 CHAPTER 3 THE STATE OF EX SITU conservation The STATE of collections Collecting Types of collections Storage facilities Security of stored material Characterization Documentation Germplasm movement Roles of botanical gardens Major ex situ needs 45 CHAPTER 4 THE STATE OF USE Importance of utilization Seed supply systems and the role of markets Development of new markets for local varieties and diversity rich products Crop improvement programmes and food security 54 CHAPTER 5 THE STATE OF NATIONAL PROGRAMMES, TRAINING NEEDS AND LEGISLATION National programme for PLANT GENETIC resources Education and training National legislations 58 CHAPTER 6 THE STATE OF REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION Regional and sub-regional networks.

5 International crop-specific networks and sub-regional collaboration for maintaining ex situ collections International programmes International agreements 62 CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES Policies on germplasm access in the Philippines Fair and equitable sharing of the benefits of the use of PLANT GENETIC resources Implementation of Farmers Rights 66 CHAPTER 8 THE CONTRIBUTION OF PGRFA MANAGEMENT TO FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Contribution of PGRFA management to agricultural sustainability Contribution of PGRFA management to food security and poverty alleviation in the Philippines Contribution of PGRFA management to economic development of the Philippines Priorities to better understand the roles of PGRFA 68 APPENDIX 1 CORONA CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHILIPPINE CLIMATE 69 APPENDIX 2 HECTARAGE AND VOLUME OF PRODUCTION FOR SELECTED CROPS (2005) 70 APPENDIX 3 VALUE OF EXPORT OF MAJOR PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL CROPS (2005)

6 71 PHILIPPINES6 LIST OF ACRONYMSAFMA Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization ActANSWER Asian Network for Sweetpotato GENETIC ResourcesAO Administrative OrderAPEC Asia-Pacific Economic CooperationASEAN Association of Southeast Asian NationsAVRDC Asian Vegetable Research and Development CenterBAPNET Banana Asia Pacific NetworkBAS Bureau of Agricultural StatisticsBPI Bureau of PLANT IndustryBPI-BNCRDC BPI-Baguio National Crop Research and Development CenterBPI-DNCRDC BPI -Davao National Crop Research and Development CenterBPI-LGNCRDC BPI-La Granja National Crop Research and Development CenterBSU Benguet STATE UniversityCBD Convention on Biological DiversityCGRD Coconut GENETIC Resources DatabaseCIAT International Center for Tropical AgricultureCIP International Potato CenterCITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and FloraCLSU Central Luzon STATE UniversityCOGENT International Coconut GENETIC Resources NetworkCVSCAFT Central Visayas STATE College of Agriculture and Forestry TechnologyDA Department of AgricultureDA-BAR Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Agricultural ResearchDENR Department of Environment and Natural ResourcesDOST Department of Science and TechnologyEO Executive OrderERDB Ecosystems Research and Development BureauFAITH Food Always In The HomeFAO Food and

7 Agriculture Organization of the United NationsFIDA Fiber Industry Development AuthorityFPIC Free and Prior Informed ConsentGDP Gross Domestic ProductGPA Global Plan of ActionIACBGR Inter-Agency Committee on Biological ResourcesIARC International Agricultural Research CenterICC Indigenous Cultural CommunityIEC Information, Education and CommunicationINGER International Network for GENETIC Evaluation of RiceINIBAP International Network for the Improvement of Banana and PlantainIPs Indigenous Peoples IPB Institute of PLANT BreedingIPGRI International PLANT GENETIC Resources InstituteIPPC International PLANT Protection ConventionIPR Intellectual property rightsITPGR International Treaty on PLANT GENETIC ResourcesIUCN International Union for the conservation of NatureLGU Local Government UnitMGIS Musa Germplasm Information SystemCOUNTRY REPORT ON THE STATE OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE7 MTA

8 Material Transfer AgreementNARC National Abaca Research CenterNARES National Agricultural Research and Extension SystemsNARRDN National Agriculture and Resources Research and Development NetworkNBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action PlanNCIP National Commission on Indigenous People NCPGR National Committee on PLANT GENETIC ResourcesNGO Non-Government OrganizationNIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas SystemNPRCTRC Northern Philippine Root Crop Training and Research CenterNPGRL National PLANT GENETIC Resources LaboratoryNSIC National Seed Industry CouncilNSQCS National Seed Quality Control ServicesPAWB Protected Areas and Wildlife BureauPCA Philippine Coconut AuthorityPCARRD Philippine Council for Agriculture and Forestry Resources Research and DevelopmentPCSD Palawan Council for Sustainable DevelopmentPGR PLANT GENETIC ResourcesPGRFA PLANT GENETIC Resources for Food and AgriculturePhilRice Philippine Rice Research InstitutePhilRootcrops Philippine Root Crop Research and Training CenterPHILSURIN Philippine Sugar Research Institute Foundation.

9 Prior Informed ConsentPNNPGRFA Philippine National Network on PLANT GENETIC Resources for Food and AgriculturePPB Participatory PLANT BreedingPSB Philippine Seed BoardPVS Participatory Varietal Republic ActRECSEA-PGR Regional Cooperation in Southeast Asia on PLANT GENETIC ResourcesRIARCs Regional Integrated Agricultural Research CentersROS Research Outreach StationsSABGRC Southeast Asia Banana Germplasm Resources CenterSALT Sloping Agricultural Land TechnologySMTA Standard Material Transfer AgreementSRA-LGAREC Sugar Regulatory Administration-La Granja Agricultural Research CenterSEARICE Southeast Asian Regional Institute for Community EmpowermentUPWARD Users Perspectives With Agricultural Research and DevelopmentUPLB University of the Philippines Los Ba osVMC Victorias Milling CorporationWTO-TRIPS World Trade Organization-Trade Related Intellectual Property RightsPHILIPPINES8 SECTION I COUNTRY REPORT ON THE STATE OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe Philippines lies between 21 20 north and 4 30 north latitude and 116 55 east and 126 36 east longitude, in the southeast coast of the mainland of Asia lying on the western margin of the Pacific Ocean.

10 The Philippines is one of the world s 25 recognized biodiversity hotspots and one of the world s 17 megadiversity countries. It also ranks seventh in the world in terms of species diversity and endemism. A total of 52 177 species of flora and fauna have been identified in the COUNTRY , of which 67% are endemic. There are approximately 15 000 PLANT species so far identified within its borders. Of the 8 120 species of flowering plants 40% are endemic to the COUNTRY . There are more than 3 000 PLANT species in the COUNTRY that are used for food, medicine, fiber, essential oil, commercial timber or share of the agriculture sector in the GDP is around 19 percent. Employment in agriculture represents 36 percent of the COUNTRY s total employment. The leading crops are rice, maize, sugarcane, coconut, banana, mango, pineapple, cassava, coffee, sweetpotato and eggplant. In terms of harvest area, the most extensively grown crops are rice, coconut, maize, sugarcane, banana, cassava, coffee, mango, sweetpotato and Manila in the COUNTRY also forms an integral part of the living culture in the COUNTRY .