2 寿命と耐用年数 - f.waseda.jp

1 2000 6 .. 1 .. 2 .. 1998 .. 1 . 1998 1989 .. 1.. 100 . 30 33 . 2 .. 30 911,878 30, 100 489,652 4, 30 943,485 31, 100 725,416 7, 30 431,019 14, 30 1,403,422 46, 30 611,748 20, 30 930,507 31, 30 856,207 28, 30 593,901 19, 30 1,222,393 40, 9,119,628 275, .. 39 . 3 .. 30 911,878 100 489,652 30 943,485 2.. 100 725,416 30 431,019 30 1,403,422 30 611,748 30 930,507 30 856,207 30 593,901 30 1,222,393 9,119,628 .. 100 100 . 101 (1+1) .. 100 (100 101)+1 (1 101)= .. 60 . 3.. 60 .. 20 .. 4.. 3 .. 30 103. 141.

2 5.. 1977 . 17,605 5,500 . 1959 .. 30 .. 4 1977 1.. 1996 . 5 26 . 44 75 .. 2 .. 30. 30 .. 30 30 . 6.. 20 .. 3 .. 4 .. 5 .. 19 .. 7.. 2 .. JIS .. R(t) t t 0 . R(0)=1 0 .. F(t) F(t)=1-R(t) .. f(t) F(t) t . f (t ). (t) t (t ) =. R(t ).. f (t ) 1 dF (t ) 1 d (1 R(t )) 1 dR(t ). (t ) = = = = . R(t ) R(t ) dt R(t ) dt R(t ) R(t ). R(0)=1 . { t R (t ) = exp ( x)dx 0. }. x exp(x) e .. 10 .. R(t) R(t) . 8.. 20 90% .. R(t) .. R(t)= .. 52 62 .. 52 . 62 .. R(t)= . -1.. 100 .. 1 .. -2.. 9.. K1 K0 .. R(t) .. 2.

3 Nx dx . Rt . N 1 2d 1. R1 =. N1. t Nx dx Rt = R1 (t 2). x=2 Nx Rt 1 2 .. R(t) .. 6 .. 1990 . 50%. 43 .. 112 .. 10.. (1990). 100%. 90%. 80%. 70%. 60%. 50%. 40%. 30%. 20%. 10%. 0%. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120.. 4 .. 5 .. 1984 7 1981 1983 1981 1983 197 .. 176 . 1988 8 1987 1 1 1987 1 1 48. 12 31 . 1 .. 1991 9 3227 1991 1 1 1990 1 1 . 12 31 . 1999 10 1997 1996 1997 48. 1 1 1996 1 1 . 12 31 .. 11.. 50% . 41 .. 6 .. 1997 48 1997 47 1990 1990 1987 48 1982 176 1990 .. 7 . ( ). 1997 48 1997 47 1990 1990 1987 48 1980.

4 40 .. 12.. 5 .. 1989 1993 .. 120 .. (1) .. 13.. 8 .. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200.. 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 10 3 1 6 2 4 9 3 10 5 2 3 1 0 0 1 0 0. 15 4 15 12 41 70 94 67 57 40 22 12 12 6 3 2 1 2. 20 16 32 173 318 378 400 299 243 149 86 55 30 21 22 11 7 6. 25 33 132 325 417 436 521 469 455 276 244 172 85 68 48 32 21 7. 30 40 80 171 223 242 287 266 263 200 150 134 77 64 48 14 24 10. 35 37 63 93 130 133 200 179 213 125 144 133 74 54 59 25 21 11. 40 14 20 42 39 29 67 55 72 58 47 43 26 24 17 8 14 6.

5 45 11 16 24 50 52 52 68 82 50 66 61 33 31 44 11 18 11. 50 4 3 8 14 17 11 18 32 20 17 16 11 6 14 5 10 2. 55 5 11 14 27 21 34 37 56 35 44 43 27 36 31 11 7 7. 60 0 1 0 6 2 2 3 10 6 11 10 5 5 6 2 2 3. 65 3 5 8 15 19 11 29 44 28 30 23 17 21 23 11 17 9. 70 0 3 2 4 2 4 8 4 9 11 6 6 6 8 3 8 2. 75 0 5 3 5 8 17 16 17 11 18 7 9 15 18 5 4 5. 80 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 3 3 6 4 1 4 0 2. 85 2 2 3 11 10 10 14 17 13 17 20 9 11 15 7 9 5. 90 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 3 0. 95 2 1 1 2 6 5 13 14 10 14 14 14 13 11 6 9 8.

6 100 2 0 1 7 6 2 7 9 8 14 13 7 9 13 5 10 5. 8 18 41 51 58 64 40 74 44 40 38 26 22 21 8 12 13. 177 390 888 1313 1436 1728 1554 1604 1046 941 771 449 394 381 163 185 101. 1 (ln t ) 2 . f (t ) = exp """ (1). 2 t 2 .. 1 (ln x ) 2 . t R (t ) = 1 F (t ) = 1 . 2 0.. exp . 2. dx . " (2).. 14.. 1970 .. 1982 1987 1990 . 1. 1970 . 0. 1993 1983 1973 1963 1953 1943 1933 1923 1913 1903 1893 1883 1873.. 90 90 120 120 .. 5 .. 15.. 100%. 90%. 80%. 70%. 60%.. 50%.. 40%. 30%. 20%. 10%. 0%. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100.

7 1993 .. 1999 6 9 .. 9 11.. 90 90 120 120 .. 16.. 6 . 40 .. 10 . 100. USA data 90 by M . (1985). 80. USA 1980. 70. 60 USA 1979. 1987. 50. 40. 30. 20. 10. 0. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110.. 12 . 10 . 100 .. 13 .. 17.. 30.. 12 12 40 . 1955 . 47 .. 35 .. 18.. 50 30 . 30 .. 20 . 30 .. 7 .. 19.. 10 20 .. 1 . 1979 9 . 2 47 . 3 3 312 320 1955 . 4 1953 . 5 22 1953 5.. 6 . 439 1992 9 . 7 . 363 1986 5 . 8 . 439 1992 9 . 9 5 .. 1994 9 . 10 . 11 5 . 8008 1995 6 . 6 9 1999 . 3 . 12 Glesson, M. E., Estimating housing mortality from loss records, Environment and Planning A 1985, , 13.

8 20.