RPS 制度と FIT 制度： 新エネルギー導入政策に関 …

1 RPS FIT .. 1.. RPS .. 3 .. RPS .. FIT RPS .. 2.. international Energy Agency; IEA . ( ) . OECD.. OECD .. OECD . OECD 11 .. OECD .. OECD. 1990(TWh) 7560 2005(TWh) 10393 2005/1990 . 1990(TWh) - - - - 2005(TWh) - - 2005/1990 - - - - (2008 08.. 1993 1993. 2006 25 .. 2005 2006 . 3.. NEDO 2007 EurOvserv'ER 2007. 2006 . MW. NEDO 2007 EurOvserv'ER 2007. 4.. RPS Renewables Portfolio Standard FIT Feed-In-Tariff . RPS .. RPS . FIT .. FIT RPS . RPS 2008 10 10 . FIT 36 RPS 7 FIT .. RPS .. FIT IEA . RPS FIT .. (GWEC: Global Wind Energy Council) 2007 . 11MW . NEDO, 2008 . 5.. 535 .. 50 . 80 . 80 .. 1972 2 . 1973 2000 . 139 .. 2000. 11 1 . 6.. 1 .. kW/ .. NEDO 2007 EurOvserv'ER 2007.. 1970 .. 1 89 .. 7.. 1980 200MW.. 200MW . 1996 2005 1500MW .. 2005 .. 1993 1 REFIT .. FIT . 1991 . CO2 98 . 144 KW . 1996 21 . 96 6 . 2005 12 14 2030 35.)

2 1 1500 DKK 1999 140 .. 8. 1999 3 RPS . 1993 3 . 1999 6 . RPS . 85 . CO2 .. RPS 2001 1 2003 1 .. 9.. 1991 1 . 2000 4 . 5 . 10 . 5000kW 100kW . 5000kw 2 kW . 5000kW . 2010 . 10 .. FIT 5 .. 2001 EU 2010 . 2007 . 14 2007 22,247MW . 7 .. 1989 7 3 .. NFFO Non Fossil Fuel Obligation .. 2000 7 RPS . RO Renewables Obligation ) . 10.. 2020 15 . 2,389MW .. RPS . 1997 11 . 2000 12 2001 4 RPS.. 1997 1 1 . 2010 95 kWh . 2010 4 10 kW .. 2 . 10 . 10 57 1000kWh . 3 .. 2 20 . 2020 . 824MW 2007 1000MW .. 1999 9 2001 7 RPS . 2002 1 .. 1999 9 1 . 11. 2009 1 1 200 kW . 1999 88 kW .. 3 31 . 5 . 50 1000kWh .. RPS PTC(Production tax credit) .. 4,356MW .. 1995 . 1998 1 . Energie Ned 2000 17 kWh . 2001 7 . 2000 RPS . CO2 .. 15000kW .. 2010 . 9 97 .. CO2 ) . 2 . NEDO(2007) 2006 . MEP . 18000 10 . EU. 2 WWF . 12/8/2008 . 12.. 13. 3.

3 2003 . RPS RPS .. RPS Renewable Portfolio Standard) .. RPS .. 2014 .. RPS kWh 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014. H15(2003 1 27 H19 2007 3 30 RPS 11/29/2008 .. 1.. 2.. 3.. 4. 1000kW . 5.. RPS .. RPS . RSP . RPS . Feed-in-Tariff; FIT RPS.. RPS .. 14. 1990 6 .. CO2 .. 13 2001 . RPS FIT .. RPS .. IT RPS . RPS .. RPS .. RPS 3 .. RPS .. FIT .. RPS . 15.. RPS .. RPS .. RPS .. RPS . RPS 14. 2002 6 15 2003 4 . NGO . RPS . NGO RPS .. RPS .. RPS 4 8 . 16. 10 .. 100 . RPS .. RPS . PPS RPS .. RPS . kWh 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007. Banking .. 2008 . 22 2010 .. RPS 15 2003 .. kWh 120kW 300kW. 17. FIT.. (2008/7/31) RPS .. RPS .. NEDO(200 ) 2003 2007 .. 2006 2007 . 27 17 . 2005 2006 . RSP.. 18.. FIT RPS FIT .. FIT RPS RPS.. FIT RPS . RPS . FIT . RPS .. FIT RPS . FIT RPS .. FIT .. RPS . FIT RPS . RPS.

4 FIT .. FIT RPS .. 19. RPS . RPS . FIT .. FIT .. FIT .. 20.. FIT RPS .. TIF .. t = 0,1, 2,.. t = 0 xt t xt .. axt + b( xt xt 1 ) 2 (1).. 3 . inertia .. a .. pxt 3 . xt 1 xt .. 21. p 1 .. t . ( xt 1 , xt ) = pxt axt b( xt xt 1 )2 (2). p a .. xt . x0 , x1 , x2 ,.. x0 .. t = 1, 2,.. xt 1 xt . r > 0 t . ( xt 1 , xt ) . ( xt 1 , xt ). (1 + r )t .. max t ( xt 1 , xt ). { xt }t =1 t =1 (3). subject to xt xt 1 for all t = 1, 2,.., x0 0 given 1. = < 1 . 1+ r . (3) t 0, t = 0,1, . xt , t = 0,1, ; x0* = x0 (3) {xt } .. {xt } . ( xt 1 , xt ) t 1 xt 1 + t xt ( xt 1 , xt ) t 1 xt 1 + t xt (4).. lim t t xt = 0 (5). t . (4) (5) .. t =1. t ( xt 1 , xt ) ( xt 1 , xt ) t t 1 xt 1 t xt t 1 xt 1 + t xt . t =1. = 0 x0 0 x0 lim t t ( xt xt ). x . = lim t xt 0. t x . *. (4) x0 = x0 . (5) . t = (4) (5) {xt } .. xt 1 xt . 22. H ( xt 1 , xt ; ) = ( xt 1 , xt ) xt 1 + xt = pxt axt b( xt xt 1 ) 2 xt 1 + xt xt 1 , xt.

5 H. = 2b( xt xt 1 ) = 0, xt 1. H. = p a 2b( xt xt 1 ) + = 0. xt * *. xt xt 1 . p a = >0 (6). 1 .. p a xt xt 1 = = (7). 2b 2b(1 ). (7) .. p a ( p a)t xt = + xt 1 = .. = + x0 (8). 2b(1 ) 2b(1 ). (5) (8) . lim t xt* = 0 lim log ( t xt* ) = . x x . lim ( t log + log t ) = . x . 0 < < log f (t ) = t log + log t .. 1 1. f (t ) = log + < for all t >. t log + . f (t ) . lim ( t log + log t ) = (6) (8) (5) . x . (8) . 23.. max Pxt axt b( xt xt 1 ) 2 (xt 1 given) (9). xt P p .. (9) xt . P a P a 2b( xt xt 1 ) = 0 xt = + xt 1 (10). 2b (8) (10) P . P a p a =. 2b 2b(1 ).. p a p a P* = + a = p + = p + (11). 1 1 .. FIT (11) . RPS RPS . P* .. *. (11) P p .. (9) . max Pxt axt b( xt xt 1 ) 2 (xt 1 given). xt .. max H ( xt 1 , xt ; ) = ( xt 1 , xt ) xt 1 + xt = pxt axt b( xt xt 1 ) 2 xt 1 + xt . ( p + ) xt axt b( xt xt 1 ) 2 xt 1.

6 (11) . FIT .. 24.. RPS. FIT FIT . RPS NGO . RPS .. RPS . EU RPS . FIT . RPS .. FIT . RPS .. 25.. 10 .. 2002 . RPS Renewable Portfolio Standard 2003 4 1 .. (2) .. 12/8/2008 . 26.. [1] Global Wind Energy Council (2008) Global Wind Energy Outlook 2008. ( df 12/7/08). [2] NEDO(2008) 27 (2007 ) . NEDO 1021. 12/7/08 . [3] NEDO(2008) NEDO 1031. 12/7/08 . [4] NEDO(2008) NEDO 1032. 12/7/08 . [5] NEDO(2007) 2007 EU NEDO 1010. 12/7/08 . [6] WWF . 12/8/2008 . [7] (2004) . [8] (2004) . [9] .. 12/7/08 . [10] RPS . 12/7/08 . [11] RPS .. 12/7/08 . [12] (2001).. 12/7/08 . [13] RPS (2006) RPS.. 12/7/08 . 27.